[16469] Low Energy Building Design Critique 4 Adam Boney, Fraser Cassels, Marc Breslin, Nicolas Burns

Our Design 1st Floor

Life Cycle Analysis There are 6 main processes involved in the LCA Raw Material extraction Manufacturing of materials Transportation Material Use Maintenance Disposal/recycling Inputs: Material input Water use Energy use Outputs: Products Carbon emissions Emissions to rain, land

Life Cycle Analysis Cradle to gate General   Specific Area m2 Volume Density Quantity Embodied Total EE Total EC Distance Materials Material m3 Kg/m3 Energy Mj/Kg Carbon CO2/Kg Mj CO2 Tranported (EE) (EC) (KG) Glazing Glazing panel 28 0.84 2500 15 0.85 37500 2125 490 Timber cladding Scottish Larch 250 4.75 550 2612.5 8000 249 (kg per m3) 3.8 tonnes Timber Studwork 107.5 650 9600 8.5 4600 81600 4.4 tonnes & 1st floor Insulation Cellulose 375 92.1 32 3223.5 3 ----------- 9670.5 ------ Sheeps Wool 25 2302.5 18 41445 shetland Concrete General con. 129 38.7 3567 13804 0.95 0.13 13113.8 1794.5 Floor Reinforcement ----- ---- 0.26 0.018 Roof Slating 132 1.32 2691 3552 0.8 2841.6 Sourced from inventory of carbon and energy and greenspec website

Life Cycle Analysis Tables show the fuel used during cradle to gate process for materials: Glass Concrete Sawn Timber

Material cost Glazing 28m2 – £250 per m2 = £7000 Approximate costing Glazing 28m2 – £250 per m2 = £7000 Doors 6m2 – £320 per m2 = £1920 Timber cladding - 250m2 - £35 per m2 = £8750 Timber Battens – 500 battens - £7 = £3500 Slates for roof – 132m2 - £ 18 per m2 = £2376 Sheep’s wool insulation – 375m2 - £55 per 6m2 = £3437 Cellulose insulation – 375m2 - £11 per 8Kg bag = £4432

Ventilation Fabric Heat Loss = Area (m²) x U-value (W/ m²K) x ΔTemperature

Ventilation Ventilation Heat loss PV = CV x N x ΔT 3600

Appliances Weekday total = 19.455kWh Weekend total = 20.913kWh

Heat Pump Is required to heat the water for the house And it is also used to heat the house when the MVHR systems can’t

Gains Solar: 4881.338 kWh/yr Passive: 6499.92 kWh/yr

Gains - Losses

Adding the values calculated in the Gain – Loss column to the heat pump Total Demand require from the Turbine Heat pump = 6189.46 kWh/yr Appliances = 7101.06 kWh/yr Total = 13440.65 kWh/yr

Energy Savings - Appliances Total appliance demand = [(5x7254.19)+(2x2195.903)]x52= 211,446kWh/year – Low Energy Total appliance demand = [(5x8844.39)+(2x2895.692)]x52= 2,600,693kWh/year – Average House Energy Saving Appliances = 2,389,247kWh/year

Energy Savings – Water heating Average house: Water heating = 6210kWh/yr Energy saving water heating= 6210 – 3688.431 = 2521.6kWh/yr

Recalculated total demand data: Total dwelling demand- 13440.65Kwh

Turbine Power calculation: P=ρAV³xCp http://www.raeng.org.uk Nb=0.97 Ng=0.36 Mechanical Efficiency Coefficients. Cp=0.47

Turbine options:

Turbine selection: Having revised the potential total annual demand for our building we can select a more suitable size of turbine to meet the demand. We have opted for : - Proven 35-2 - 8.5m rotor diameter - Producing 23794.96Kwh/year (taken from www.provenenergy.co.uk)

Turbine energy production per month: As you can see each for each month the selected turbine is meeting the demand except for July where there is a shortfall.

Electricity storage: Opted for batteries as a clean renewable energy source. Chose deep cycle renewable batteries as they are long-lasting, clean most importantly reliable. For the Month of July there is an energy deficit of 18.46Kwh To counter this we will use an off grid remote residential Trojan deep battery.

Electricity storage: There are a variety of Trojan batteries to choose from, opting for a 12v battery from possible deep cycle options below- (http://www.trojanbatteryre.com/PDF/datasheets/24TMX_Trojan_Data_Sheets.pdf)

Electricity storage:

Final Thoughts Energy demands met by turbines House is an autonomous, zero-carbon dwelling In theory building meets requirements set out in brief