Sunday May 4 – 5 PM Bradford, Hlava, McNaughton Taxonomies CSE Sunday May 4 – 5 PM Bradford, Hlava, McNaughton

Presenters - Taxonomies Marjorie Hlava Access Innovations Monica Bradford American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS Charlotte McNaughton ASCE

What is a Taxonomy? ANSI/ NISO Z39.19-2010 controlled “A collection of controlled vocabulary terms organized into a hierarchical structure.” Yes! Missing: equivalence, homographic, and associative relationships and notes

Structure Of Controlled Vocabularies Lists Synonyms Taxonomy Thesaurus Ontology INCREASING COMPLEXITY and CONTROL Ambiguity Ambiguity Ambiguity Specifies a KOS Synonym Synonym Directionality in Hierarchy Hierarchy Relationships relationships Copyright © 2013 Access Innovations, Inc.

Taxonomy? Thesaurus? TAXONOMY OWL can specify THESAURUS Main Term (MT) = subject term, heading, node, category, descriptor, class Main Term (MT) Top Term (TT) Broader Terms (BT) Narrower Terms (NT) Related Terms (RT) See also (SA) Non-Preferred Term (NP) Used for (UF), See (S) Scope Note (SN) History (H) TAXONOMY OWL can specify THESAURUS Copyright © 2013 Access Innovations, Inc.

How Do Terms Relate? Hierarchical relationships -- Parents and their children Equivalence relationships -- Aliases, synonyms Associative relationships -- Cousins TAXONOMY THESAURUS

Disambiguation Bridge Structure Bridge Dentistry Bridge Game Bridge Concept

Achieving Synonymy Find like concepts Merge the terms Choose a preferred form Build term record Hierarchy Equivalence Associative

Taxonomy

Linked Data Assert that the AIP Thesaurus term “Nonlinear optics” refers to the same concept as the dbpedia page “Nonlinear optics” by putting links in both places.

Content Recommender Thesaurus terms Similar content The more terms in common, the higher the recommendation of content as similar.

7. Content Recommender Grants available Selected Article Search “thin film sputtering” Grants available Upcoming conferences on this topic More Articles on the same topic Authors working in this space

Journal Profile Pages Each journal can be characterized by the most frequently used indexing terms. 2014 JLAPEN (Journal of Laser Applications) 13 most frequently used indexing terms:

Index the image by analyzing the text associated with the image: Image Indexing Index the image by analyzing the text associated with the image: caption

Author Submission/Reviewer Tools Add a box: “Suggest New terms” Image: Courtesy AACR and EJPress

Reports and Research Tools for Internal Use

Reports and Research Tools for Internal Use

The Workflow Build Search inverted index Create user interface Gather source data Tag and Create metadata Put in data base with tags Client Data Full Text HTML, PDF, Data Feeds, etc. Automatic Summarization Search Presentation Layer Increases accuracy Browse by Subject Auto-completion Broader Terms Narrower Terms Related Terms Machine Aided Indexer (M.A.I.™) Database Repository Search Software Inline Tagging Client taxonomy Client Taxonomy Metadata and Entity Extractor Thesaurus Master

Taxonomy Driven Search Presentation Auto-completion using the taxonomy NICEM, the National Information Center for Educational Media, is a database of over 640,000 audio and visual items in all subject areas that apply to learning, from preschool through professional. Access Innovations applies subject terms from the NICEM taxonomy to each bibliographic record. In addition to that backend data work, we also created a search and presentation layer for the website, which we call Search Harmony. Here are some of the user-friendly features that are included in Search Harmony: [Click] Users can navigate the site by browsing the full taxonomy, and see the number of records tagged with each subject [CLICK] Auto-completion of search terms, which is a common feature of many search engines, but in this case the user is assisted in formulating a search by seeing a pick list of terms from the taxonomy, including all synonyms – even if they appear in the middle of a phrase. [CLICK] The user is also guided to expand the topic with broader terms or related terms from the taxonomy, or narrow the search to find more precise information. [CLICK] The resulting site has been recognized as an indispensable resource for educators. Guide the user Navigate the full taxonomy “tree” BROWSE

Taxonomy Thesaurus view Term Record view Special attention to Non-Preferred Term -- goldmine Copyright © 2005 - Access Innovations, Inc.

Knowledge Organization Systems Linked Entities Contextual Specificity Complex High value Semantic network Ontology Thesaurus Taxonomy Controlled vocabulary Synonym set/ring Name authority file Uncontrolled list Uncontrolled list has the Highest Cost over Time! Simple Low Value Unrelated Entities Ambiguity 22

Thanks! Questions after all three speakers Marjorie M K Hlava, President Access Innovations, Inc. 4725 Indian School Rd, Ste. 100 Albuquerque, NM 87110 +1-505-998-0800 www.accessinn.com www.dataharmony.com Email: info@accessinn.com

About Access Innovations Access Innovations are experts in content creation, enrichment, and conversion services. We provide services to semantically enrich and tag raw text into highly structured data. We deliver clean, well-formed, metadata-enriched content so our clients can reuse, repurpose, store, and find their knowledge assets. We go beyond the standards to build taxonomies and other data control structures as a solid foundation for your information. Our services and software allow organizations to use and present their information to both internal and external constituents by leveraging search, presentation, and e-commerce. We change search to found! Quick Facts Founded in 1978 Headquartered in Albuquerque, NM Privately held Delivered more than 2000 engagements

Suggested taxonomy descriptors

Normal text extraction

Near conceptual synonyms

Nonsensical suggestions

Small Taxonomy Near synonym, conceptual duplicate

Refined presentation

Dependent concepts

Ontological dependencies