NOTES #3 PROPERTIES AND PHASES OF MATTER

1. WHAT IS MATTER? Matter is anything that : Has mass Has volume (takes up space) LIST 5 things that are MATTER LIST 5 THINGS THAT ARE NOT MATTER

HOW CAN MATTER BE IDENTIFIED? Matter can be identified by: Physical properties- what you can observe without changing the matter color, texture, density, melting point, conductivity, odor Chemical properties- how matter interacts with other matter and changes into something new reactivity,

WHAT ARE SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES? Density color odor phase Physical properties can be observed without changing what the substance is

WHAT ARE SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES? flammability reactivity

WHAT ARE THE STATES, OR PHASES, OF MATTER? 1. solid 2. liquid 3. gas 4. plasma?

1.WHAT ARE SOME PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS  definite shape, definite volume  Particles move slowly and are strongly attracted to each other  Particles can only vibrate in place

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2. WHAT ARE SOME PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS? definite volume but no definite shape, takes the shape of its container Particles move faster and are weakly attracted to each other. Particles are able to slide past one another (flow)

SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS: Viscosity- resistance to flowing, Thick liquids (like honey) have a high viscosity and do not flow easily

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SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS surface tension- causes liquids to “bead” up

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3: WHAT ARE SOME PROPERTIES OF GASES?  no definite shape and no definite volume- expand to fill container  Particles move very fast and are very weakly attracted to each other  Gases are free flowing

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4. WHAT THE HECK IS PLASMA?  Most common state of matter in the universe  Found in :stars (including our sun), jet engines, Lightning, nuclear reactor cores, Aurora (northern and southern lights)

PLASMA EXAMPLES Properties of Plasma: Very hot very low density Electrons have separated from their nucleus and orbit more randomly

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PHASE CHANGE NOTES BEGIN HERE

WHAT ARE PHASE CHANGES? A change of phase or state is a physical change. No new substance is created. Caused by adding or removing energy Temperature- a measure of the average speed of the particles of a substance

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A SUBSTANCE GAINS ENERGY? a. Speed of particles increases b. Temp. increases c. Vol. increases d. Substance may change to higher energy state

ADDING ENERGY PROCESS Solids liquids melting Liquids gases vaporization Solid gas sublimation

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A SUBSTANCE LOSES ENERGY? a. Speed of particles decreases b.Temp. decreases c.Vol. decreases d.Substance may change to lower-energy phase

REMOVING ENERGY PROCESS gases liquids Condensation Liquids solids Freezing

PHASE CHANGE TEMP. OF SOME SUBSTANCES substanceMelting point (Celsius) Boiling point (celsius) water0100 ethanol propane Table salt8011,465

A HANDY STUDY AID: C. Energy and matter never disappear, they simply change forms.

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