+ Lens Effect with Photonic Crystals Student “#3” ECEN 5616 Final Project Presentation

+ Overview Introduction Negative Refractive Index Photonic Crystal Superlens Methods Results 2

+ Introduction 3

+ Negative Refractive Index V. G. Veslago (1968) Negative permittivity and negative permeability Real index of refraction Electric resonance in material Strong magnetic resonance in material Metals exhibit negative permittivity below characteristic plasma frequency Requires electric resonance and strong magnetic resonance No negative refractive index material in nature 4 n<0 n>0

+ Photonic Crystal Periodic optical nanostructures Analogous to semiconductor crystal The feature sizes are comparable to the wavelength 5

+ Waves in Periodic Media 6 Maxwell’s Equations: Bloch Function  due to translational periodicity

+ Lattice Structure 7 Brillouin zones

+ Photonic Band Structure 8 Negative effective index region Self -collimation Bandgap Effective medium

+ Superlens 9 Perfect, real image

+ Method & Results 10

+ Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD): MEEP Numerical method in time domain Calculates E field and H field in every point of the computational domain as they evolve in time Can specify materials Wide range of frequencies can be explored at once 11

+ Results 12

+ Results 13

+ Results 14

+ Current Research 15

16 Thank you