Carly Sproule BE 2352 Sec 2 29 November 2011

 Background  Traditional Heart Surgery  Advancements  Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass  Benefits  Disadvantages  Conclusion

 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation  Coarctation of the aorta repair  Atrial septal defect (ASD) repair  Ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair  Coronary Artery Bypass Figure 1

 Heart-lung machine  Heart doesn’t pump for minutes  Easier to operate on heart Figure 2

Figure 6

 Closed Heart Surgery ◦ Thoracotomy Incision ◦ Sternotomy Incision  Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) Figure 3

Figure 4

 Medtronic's Starfish ® 2 and Urchin ® Heart Positioners  The Medtronic Octopus ® Tissue Stabilizer  Adenosine and Esmolol Figure 5

 Shorter recovery time  25% cheaper on average  Fewer complications during surgery  Less weight gain, kidney stress, blood vessel damage, swelling of the brain, etc

 Female : ◦ GFR(mL/min)=0.85*(140-age)*(bodyweight) 72(serum creatinine)  Male: ◦ GFR(mL/min)=(140-age)*(bodyweight) 72(serum creatinine)  GFR: Glomerular filtration rate  Age: years  Bodyweight: kg  Serum creatinine: mg/dL

 Sometimes fewer grafts are performed  The grafts aren’t as tight  Long term difficulties not studied well

 The Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass procedure shows great promise; however, long-term studies need to be conducted to show that the grafts still function well after 15 or more years of use.

 Figure1 wmaker.html wmaker.html  Figure 2 and Figure 3 bypass-surgery-promise-unfulfilled bypass-surgery-promise-unfulfilled  Figure 4 s/Heart_Surgery/OPCAB.htm s/Heart_Surgery/OPCAB.htm  Figure 5 and Figure 6 disease/therapy/beating-heart-bypass-surgery/what-is- beating-heart-bypass-surgery/ disease/therapy/beating-heart-bypass-surgery/what-is- beating-heart-bypass-surgery/