 Common: names a person, place, or thing. Example : The money was kept in a safe at the bank.  Proper: names a particular person, place, or thing. Example : Todd went to San Diego.

 A common noun names a person, place, or thing.  A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing.  Common nouns: teacher, school, calendar  Proper nouns: Mrs. Ramirez, Riverdale High School, September Read the following sentences. Underline the common nouns once. Underline the proper nouns twice. 1. My grandmother came to the United States from Ireland before the Great Depression. 2. My brother usually drives us to school in his Toyota Camry. 3. Ryan works nights and weekends at Parker’s Restaurant. 4. Aunt Hilda bought me an iPod for my birthday. 5. When I graduate from high school, I’m going to college at Boston University.

 Using the stack of 20 story events from “The Fisherman and the Jinnee,” see how quickly you can chronologically order them.

1) The fisherman casts his net a fourth time only to pull in a yellow copper bottle. 2) The fisherman says the Jinnee is blasphemous. 3) The Jinnee explains he refused to listen to King Solomon. 4) The Jinnee asks the fisherman how he would like to die. 5) The fisherman tricks the Jinnee into reentering the bottle. 6) The fisherman tells the Jinnee he deserves the fate of the King in the tale of “Yunan and the Doctor.” 7) The Doctor puts balsams and elixirs in the King’s hollowed out polo stick. 8) The King is cured of Leprosy. 9) The King’s vizier says to the King that the Doctor’s motives are evil. 10) The King tells the story of “King Sindbad and the Falcon.”

11) Sindbad lets the gazelle escape. 12) The falcon knocks the bowl over three times. 13) Sindbad cuts off the falcon’s wings. 14) The King realizes the falcon was saving him from drinking a snake’s venom. 15) Sindbad was overcome with sorrow at his actions. 16) The vizier explains he is only looking out for the safety of the King. 17) The Doctor says, “Spare me, and Allah will spare you! Kill me, and so shall Allah kill you!” 18) The King granted the Doctor a day’s delay. The Doctor retrieves a book that the King can use. 19) As the King turns the pages to make the Doctor’s severed head speak, the poison on the pages kill him. 20) The fisherman explains he will throw the Jinnee back in the sea because the Jinnee refused to spare his life.

 Students will distinguish the characteristics that comprise an epic theme by organizing a written list and applying it to literature they have read.

 Today we will be discussing the elements of an Epic and relating these characteristics to our own lives and other stories.  Once we start to read The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Iliad we will be applying our knowledge of Epics to help us understand the stories.

 Metamorphoses by: Ovid  Epic of Gilgamesh author: Anonymous  The Iliad by: Homer

 Folk epics – recited or sung as entertainment  Literary epics – written by a specific author and draws upon well known stories

 An Epic Hero – main character; strong, brave, loyal and virtuous – although sometimes flawed.  An Epic Conflict – the plot revolves around the hero’s struggle against a series of obstacles  A Heroic Quest – a perilous (dangerous) journey for something of value  Divine Intervention – help from a god or other supernatural force.

 Opening statement of theme followed by an invocation (prayer/calling for a god or spirit).  Begins in medias res meaning in the middle of things  Serious tone and elevated style (which means it is intellectually superior to other genres).  Epic similes – elaborate and extended  Epithets – descriptive words or phrases

 The use of clues to suggest future events in a literary work.

 The main idea or central purpose of a piece of literature; the lesson.

 The main idea or central purpose of a piece of literature. › Must appeal to human nature. › Must be consistent throughout the entire story. › Must be able to explain the theme in one sentence.

 The main idea or central purpose of a piece of literature. › Common themes  Loyalty: be faithful to family, friends, etc.  Bravery: have courage in the face of danger  Love: care for another person more than oneself  Greed: valuing objects and riches above all

 Let’s take a few minutes to watch a video on theme to help us understand

 What is the theme of “The Most Dangerous Game”?  What is the main idea?  Competition  Does it appeal to human nature ?  Yes, Rainsford and Zaroff demonstrate characteristics of fear and perseverance throughout the story.  Is it consistent throughout the entire story?  Yes, though the game changes over the course of the text, the characters’ fight to compete and win does not change.  Can you explain the theme in one sentence ?  The theme of “The Most Dangerous Game” is survival of the fittest because Rainsford and Zaroff continuously engage in competition, whether they are hunting or being hunted.

 What is the theme of “The Creation and the Fall”?  What is the main idea?  Does it appeal to human nature ?  Is it consistent throughout the entire story?  Can you explain the theme in one sentence ?

 What is the theme of Romeo and Juliet ?  What is the main idea?  Does it appeal to human nature ?  Is it consistent throughout the entire story?  Can you explain the theme in one sentence ?

 Compound and Collective Nouns

 Students will distinguish the characteristics that comprise an epic conflict by organizing a written list and applying it to literature they have read.

 Socrative quiz on Epic Theme.

 Conflict : the struggle between opposing forces that causes the plot to develop.

 There are five types of conflict: › Person vs. self › Person vs. person › Person vs. supernatural › Person vs. nature › Person vs. society

 Person vs. self : when a character is struggling against himself or herself. › Trying to make a difficult decision or overcome a personal battle. Ms. Lesniak’s Example Struggling with the decision to move to Arizona. I didn’t want to leave my family but really wanted a job as a teacher.

 Person vs. person : when two characters are physically, verbally, or emotionally struggling against one another. Your breath smells bad! You’re annoying! Ms. Lesniak’s Example When I was in high school I would fight with my dad all of the time. As I got older, it became less and less. After I moved to Havasu we hardly ever fight and he calls me everyday.

 Person vs. supernatural : when a character is battling a non-human thing. › god, ghost, alien Ms. Lesniak’s Example I don’t have a great supernatural story but when I was younger, I would watch unsolved mysteries before bed and swore that I saw the ghosts from the show.

 Person vs. nature : when a character is battling anything caused naturally. › Extreme weather, a land, animal, or water obstacle Ms. Lesniak’s Example Every winter in NY, the snow and I had a daily battle. The snow always won.

 Person vs. society : when a character is battling against the beliefs and views of a group. Ms. Lesniak’s Example Our society frequently believes women my age should be getting married and starting a family. I am constantly asked by family & friends when I plan to start meeting this expectation.

 The five types of conflict are categorized as either internal, or external.  Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society  Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society

 The five types of conflict are categorized as either internal, or external.  Internal conflict : the conflict exists within the mind of a character who is torn between opposing feelings or goals.  External conflict : a character struggles against some outside force.

 Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society  Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society Which conflicts occur externally?

 Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society  Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society Which conflicts occur externally? Person vs. self is an example of an internal conflict.

 Let’s take a minute to watch a video on the different types of conflict

Let’s fill in the elements of conflict using the play Romeo and Juliet. 1. Person vs. self:_________________________ 2. Person vs. person: _____________________ 3. Person vs. supernatural: ________________ 4. Person vs. nature:______________________ 5. Person vs. society:_____________________

 Provide an example of each type of conflict in your own life.  Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society  Person vs. self  Person vs. person  Person vs. supernatural  Person vs. nature  Person vs. society

How are themes and conflicts related to each other? (Does one affect the other?) Yes! The author uses conflict to support, and eventually reveal, the theme. Without conflict, the reader would be unable to understand the theme since there would be no lesson to be learned.