Removing unwanted waste Excretory System Removing unwanted waste

Excretory System System involved in removing metabolic waste Waste removed as urine, sweat, carbon dioxide Urine- water and waste produced from metabolic processes

Organs involved Lungs Skin Kidneys Liver Remove carbon dioxide resulting from the breakdown of sugar during cellular respiration Skin Removes water and urea through sweat glands Kidneys Remove excess water and urea from blood stream, sending to the bladder Liver ***Site of much protein breakdown in the body, resulting in excess nitrogen Detoxifies harmful substances in the blood Produces enzymes to break fat

Sources of waste Cellular respiration Carbon from glucose as well as other materials must be removed from body. Done so by sending carbon dioxide to blood, then to lungs Deamination (in liver)-when proteins are broken down, the amine groups (containing N) from amino acids are removed, and must exit the body Amine group main component in urea

Route of waste in body Food digested Absorbed through intestines into blood stream Carbs broken down, sent to mitochondria for cellular respiration  carbon dioxide Proteins broken down as long-term energy Nitrogen removal through kidneys to bladder Nutrients not wanted pass through colon and out through rectum.

Main organ- kidney Kidney function- Absorption Active transport Diffusion osmosis

General system structure

Kidney structure

Renal cortex Outer portion of kidney Holds most of the nephron, the functional portion of the kidney

Renal medulla Inner portion of kidney, with many capillaries carrying blood to cortex Contains lower part of nephron Holds collecting tubes carrying excess material to center of kidney

nephron Tangle of small capillaries and collecting ducts working to remove water and waste from blood Large amounts (4x body’s content) of water removed every day, then most reabsorbed back into blood stream

Nephron structure Water and waste removed in glomerulus Travels down tubules, where much of water and salt reabsorbed in loop of henle Excess water and metabolic waste sent down collecting duct to be sent to ureter

glomerulus Area where metabolic waste is originally pulled out of blood stream along with water Fluid then continues down the renal tubule through the loop of Henle, then throughout the tube until reaches collecting duct

ureter From nephrons, all collected waste is removed from kidney through ureter Long tube descending from kidney, leading to urinary bladder

urethra Once waste has been collected in bladder, it is removed from bladder through small opening called urethra