1 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism Atoms with unpaired  electrons are called paramagnetic. Paramagnetic atoms are attracted to a magnet. diamagnetic Atoms.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism Atoms with unpaired  electrons are called paramagnetic. Paramagnetic atoms are attracted to a magnet. diamagnetic Atoms with paired  electrons are called diamagnetic. Diamagnetic atoms are repelled by a magnet.

2 The number of orbitals per n level is given by n 2. The maximum number of electrons per n level is 2n 2.

3 Energy Level# of OrbitalsMax. # of e - nn 2 n n 2 2n

4 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations The principle that describes how the periodic chart is a function of electronic configurations is the Aufbau Principle. The electron that distinguishes an element from the previous element enters the lowest energy atomic orbital available.

5 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations The Aufbau Principle describes the electron filling order in atoms.

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7 Hund’s rule tells us that the electrons will fill the p orbitals by placing electrons in each orbital singly and with same spin until half- filled. Then the electrons will pair to finish the p orbitals. Hund’s rule

8 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations 1 st row elements

9 2 nd row elements

10 3 rd row elements

11 There is an extra measure of stability associated with half-filled or completely filled orbitals.

12 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations

13 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations

14 The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations Now we can write a complete set of quantum numbers for all of the electrons in these three elements as examples. Na Ca Fe

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