Tourism… …an introduction

Recall from yesterday… Travel is movement from one place to another Travel is movement from one place to another Tourism may be defined as visiting a location for at least 24 hours, but less than a year Tourism may be defined as visiting a location for at least 24 hours, but less than a year Same-day visitors stay less than a daySame-day visitors stay less than a day Migrants move permanently or semi- permanentlyMigrants move permanently or semi- permanently

Tourism The specific purpose of your visit doesn’t really matter The specific purpose of your visit doesn’t really matter Business, recreation, education, medical, religious, etc. all qualify as types of tourism Business, recreation, education, medical, religious, etc. all qualify as types of tourism

The History of Tourism Tourism has existed for thousands of years, but was generally only available to the wealthiest people Tourism has existed for thousands of years, but was generally only available to the wealthiest people Concepts such as “free time” and “disposable income” were nonexistent for most people until after the Industrial Revolution (1700s) Concepts such as “free time” and “disposable income” were nonexistent for most people until after the Industrial Revolution (1700s) Tourism as a major industry didn’t happen until the 20 th century… why? Tourism as a major industry didn’t happen until the 20 th century… why?

The Business of Tourism Money spent directly on tourism worldwide is close to $1 Trillion annually Money spent directly on tourism worldwide is close to $1 Trillion annually About 1 in 15 workers works in the tourism industry About 1 in 15 workers works in the tourism industry What jobs would be classified as part of the tourism industry?What jobs would be classified as part of the tourism industry?

Travel Motivators Adventure Adventure Specialty Travel Specialty Travel Recreation Recreation Family/Social Family/Social Environment Environment Business Travel Business Travel Cultural Cultural

Travel Barriers Cost Cost Time Time Health Health Weather Weather Family Stage Family Stage Lack of interest Lack of interest Fear Fear

Other factors affecting tourism Demographics Demographics Political Factors Political Factors Economic Factors Economic Factors Cultural Factors Cultural Factors Technology Technology

Demographic Factors If a country is young then it is likely that its people will not have the time or money to do a lot of travelling If a country is young then it is likely that its people will not have the time or money to do a lot of travelling Ex: Africa, the middle east: young population, low disposable incomeEx: Africa, the middle east: young population, low disposable income Ex: North America: baby boomers, retired w/ lots of $$$Ex: North America: baby boomers, retired w/ lots of $$$

Political Factors Whether a country has a stable and/or democratic government can also influence the amount of travel that occurs to it and within it. Whether a country has a stable and/or democratic government can also influence the amount of travel that occurs to it and within it. Ex: China relaxing its tourist restrictions and opening up its economy to foreign tourism and developmentEx: China relaxing its tourist restrictions and opening up its economy to foreign tourism and development Ex: Egypt – tourism contributes $11 billion annualy to Egypts economy, 12% of the population is employed in tourismEx: Egypt – tourism contributes $11 billion annualy to Egypts economy, 12% of the population is employed in tourism

Economic Factors How well a country is doing economically will impact the level of tourism in that country, but also how much money local inhabitants will be willing to spend outside the country as well. How well a country is doing economically will impact the level of tourism in that country, but also how much money local inhabitants will be willing to spend outside the country as well. Ex: Recession not good for tourism (about a 30% decline in tourism in some places, millions of jobs lost globally) Ex: Recession not good for tourism (about a 30% decline in tourism in some places, millions of jobs lost globally)

Cultural Factors Some countries have an incredible cultural draw to them. Some countries have an incredible cultural draw to them. Europe, Africa, Asia have long histories and, as a result, have a vast array of cultural artefacts and sites to visitEurope, Africa, Asia have long histories and, as a result, have a vast array of cultural artefacts and sites to visit There are many cultural events that draw in tourists (Carnival in Brazil, the Hajj in Saudi Arabia, Mardi Gras in New Orleans, Oktoberfest in Germany)There are many cultural events that draw in tourists (Carnival in Brazil, the Hajj in Saudi Arabia, Mardi Gras in New Orleans, Oktoberfest in Germany)

Technological Factors The Technological Development of a country definitely has an impact on the level of tourism the country experiences and also the amount of travel that the locals do themselves. The Technological Development of a country definitely has an impact on the level of tourism the country experiences and also the amount of travel that the locals do themselves. Ex: India has 1000’s of tiny villages but poor infrastructure, so they are very hard to visit Ex: India has 1000’s of tiny villages but poor infrastructure, so they are very hard to visit Ex: France has a very well developed infrastructure and is visited by some 75 million people a year Ex: France has a very well developed infrastructure and is visited by some 75 million people a year