Health Insurance Consumer Health Unit Objectives: - TSWBAT differentiate between types of insurance programs and terms. - TSWBAT analyze which health insurance plan available would best fit the students’ needs.

Health Insurance Basics  A contract between you and your insurance company  You buy a plan, and the company agrees to pay part of your medical costs when you get sick or hurt  Protects you from high, unexpected costs

How Health Insurance Works  Premium – fixed amount you pay to your insurance plan, usually every month (even if you don’t use medical care that month)  Deductible – the amount you pay for care before the insurance company starts to pay its share  Copayment – fixed amount you’ll pay for a medical service after you’ve met your deductible  Coinsurance – it’s a percentage of costs you pay

Group vs. Individual Insurance  Group Policies – provided by employer Your employer pays for all or most of your insurance plans cost Your employer pays for all or most of your insurance plans cost  All employees at work have the same health insurance options as you do (may have some choices)  Commonly called “benefits”  Individual Policies – you buy the policy yourself Very similar to the way you get car insurance

Health Insurance Terms  Provider – provides a health care service Example: dermatologist, orthopedic  Network – group of hospitals and/or doctors that jointly provide care to a given group of patients covered by health insurance

Health Insurance Terms  Major Medical - form of medical insurance designed to supplement a basic medical expense plan in the event of extraordinary medical expenses Example - extreme illness or disability Example - extreme illness or disability

Health Insurance Terms  Covered Expense – something that the insurance plan will pay for  Exclusions –Not all services are covered. The policy-holder is generally expected to pay the full cost of non-covered services out of their own pocket.

Health Insurance Terms  Pre-existing Condition – A health problem that a person has before they are covered by a certain policy A health problem that a person has before they are covered by a certain policy The policy may or may not pay for expenses associated with these conditions The policy may or may not pay for expenses associated with these conditions

Health Insurance Terms  Waiting Period – Predetermined amount of time between when your employment begins and when your insurance coverage actually begins Predetermined amount of time between when your employment begins and when your insurance coverage actually begins You are not covered during this time!!! You are not covered during this time!!!

Managed Care  Organized system of health care services designed to control health care costs  Use of a panel or network of health care providers to provide care to enrollees  Holds down costs by limiting patients’ choices (standards for selecting providers) and encourages preventive care

Two main kinds of Managed Care Insurance  HMO – Health Maintenance Organization  PPO – Preferred Provider Organization

HMO – Health Maintenance Organization  Manage patients' health care by reducing unnecessary services  Lower premiums and/or copayments  Most HMOs require members to select a primary care physician (PCP) PCP = physician acts as a gatekeeper to medical services PCP = physician acts as a gatekeeper to medical services PCP authorizes referrals to specialists or other doctors if deemed necessary. PCP authorizes referrals to specialists or other doctors if deemed necessary. Emergency medical care does not require prior authorization from a PCP Emergency medical care does not require prior authorization from a PCP Typically provide no coverage for care out of network Typically provide no coverage for care out of network

PPO – Preferred Provider Organization  Organization of medical doctors, hospitals and other health care providers “network” or “preferred provider” “network” or “preferred provider”  Network is contracted with an insurer to provide health care coverage at a reduced rate (substantial discount)  Some surgeries or procedures may need to require pre- approval by the insurance company  May reimburse some of your costs if you go out of network  More flexibility, network is large, higher premiums

Other Types of Medical Insurance / “Add On’s” Dental Insurance – required to have if age 18 or younger / helps totally or partially cover dental cleanings and other procedures needed (fillings, root canals, crowns, etc.) Dental Insurance – required to have if age 18 or younger / helps totally or partially cover dental cleanings and other procedures needed (fillings, root canals, crowns, etc.) Vision Insurance – not required to have / helps partially cover eye check-ups, contacts or glasses Vision Insurance – not required to have / helps partially cover eye check-ups, contacts or glasses Hospitalization Insurance- Specifically pays for hospitalization Hospitalization Insurance- Specifically pays for hospitalization Surgical Insurance – Specifically pays for fees associated with surgery Surgical Insurance – Specifically pays for fees associated with surgery Disability Insurance – Pays for loss of income due to accident or illness; Usually only a percentage of your salary Disability Insurance – Pays for loss of income due to accident or illness; Usually only a percentage of your salary

Federal Programs for Health Coverage  Medicaid – Medicaid Health insurance for people with lower incomes Health insurance for people with lower incomes Funded by state and federal government Funded by state and federal government Eligibility rule varies state to state Eligibility rule varies state to state Example of Medicaid requirementsExample of Medicaid requirements A family of four making $23,225 a year or less qualifies. A family of four making $23,225 a year or less qualifies. Your family's assets are less than $2,000 Your family's assets are less than $2,000

Federal Programs for Health Coverage  Medicare – Medicare Government health coverage for people 65 years or older Government health coverage for people 65 years or older In many cases Medicare pays a portion of the person’s health care cost. In many cases Medicare pays a portion of the person’s health care cost. The rest is paid by the person or supplemental insurance plan. The rest is paid by the person or supplemental insurance plan.

WIC – Women, Infants & Children  Government program that helps mothers and children with medical bills  Examples: prenatal care, immunizations, medication

CHIP – Children’s Health Insurance Program (PA)  Children and teens that are not eligible for Medicaid have access to affordable, comprehensive health care coverage  Once enrolled, 12 months of CHIP is guaranteed unless they no longer meet the requirements  Families must renew their coverage each year in order for coverage to continue

COBRA – Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act  Developed in 1985  If you lose your job, you may continue to pay your insurance premium and maintain your health coverage  Also applies to children that loses full-time student status

Obama Care Obama Care  Health care plan for America  President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act in March of 2010  The law puts in place comprehensive health insurance reforms for four years and beyond (for example, by 2014 all Americans will have access to affordable health insurance options)  The political issues behind this law caused the government to shut down in 2013

Affordable Care Act Coverage:  Ends pre-existing condition exclusions for children (plans can no longer limit or deny benefits to children under 19 due to pre-existing condition)  Keeps young adults covered (if you are under 26, you may be eligible to remain on your parent’s plan)  Ends arbitrary withdrawals of insurance coverage (no cancellations because of a honest mistake)  Guarantees your right to appeal (you have the right to ask that your plan reconsider its denial of payment)

Affordable Care Act Care:  Covers preventive care at no cost to you  Protects your choice of doctors (choose the PCP from your plan’s network)  Removes insurance company barriers to emergency services (you can seek emergency care at a hospital outside of your health plan’s network)

Affordable Care Act Affordable Care Act  The health insurance marketplace helps uninsured people find health coverage  If you don’t have coverage in 2015, you will pay a penalty higher of these two amounts: 2% of your yearly household income or $325 per person for the year ($ per child under 18)  Open enrollment ends February 15, 2015 February 15, 2015February 15, 2015  You are considered covered if you have Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, job-based plan, COBRA, plan you bought yourself, retiree coverage, etc.

A look at Obamacare in 2015  Since this year’s sign up period began on November 15, almost 10 million people have enrolled in private health insurance plans via the exchanges (by February)  There is currently a special enrollment period for those who were tardy and did not realize they would pay a fine (some states are not doing a grace period) until they were filing their taxes