Reading Comprehension Routines September 2013

Effective Comprehension Instruction Strategies Text Structure Vocabulary Background Knowledge

Reading Comprehension Routines In order to improve reading comprehension this year we will learn and begin using five strategies in our English Language Arts class. The strategies will include: Main Idea Skills Top-Down Topic Webs Two-Column Notes Summarizing Question Generation

Main Idea Skills Main Idea Skills include: Identifying and stating Categorizing Paragraphs Text Structure

What’s the difference between the terms topic, main idea, and topic sentence? Sometimes the terms topic, main idea, and topic sentence can be confusing. Topic: A broad statement that is often explained using just a few words. Example: the topic of this section is main idea skills. Main Idea: What is being said about the topic, often explained in a phrase or sentence. Example: the main idea of this slide is the deference between the terms topic, main idea, and the topic sentence. Topic Sentence: The sentence in a paragraph that includes a statement of the main idea. Often, but not always, the topic sentence is the first sentence of a paragraph. Example: the topic sentence of this slide is Sometimes the terms topic, main idea, and topic sentence can be confusing.

Practice with Main ideas Provide an example from your day to day experience of how you use main idea skills. Example: How are the the songs arranged on your MP3 player? How do you organize your video games?

Steps that help Identify the main idea Identify the details (or categories) Compare the details to determine what they have in common Use your own words to paraphrase what they have in common

Categorizing Categorizing a list of words: The words are the details. They are compared and a common category is identified, which becomes the main idea. For example, family members or relatives are examples of main ideas for the words wife, brother, father, niece, grandmother. Practice with these words: Apple asparagus banana broccoli donut grape orange pear spinach string bean chocolate Now create your own list of words on a sheet of paper, cut the words out, and see if your partner can categorize them.

Other examples Identifying paragraph main ideas: The sentences are the details. They are compared to determine the main idea, which can be stated as a phrase or a sentence. In most paragraphs, the main idea is embedded in a topic sentence, but the main idea may also be implied. Identifying the main idea of a section of expository text: The paragraphs are the details, and they are compared to determine the sections main idea. The main ideas are the details that are compared to determine the main idea of the entire chapter. In longer reading selections multiple levels of main ideas can be organized into a hierarchy, which can be represented in a top-down topic web.

Other Examples Identifying main ideas in narrative text: The details in the story are compared to determine main ideas related to characters, setting, theme, and other literary elements. Use Goldilocks to evaluate your main idea: Is my main idea too specific? Is my main idea too general? How can I change it to make it just right?

Main Idea Statements Bacteria help humans in many ways. Bacteria are involved in the production of food, fuel, medicines, and other useful products. Some are used in industry processes. Others help break down pollutants, which are substances such as waste materials or harmful chemicals that dirty the environment. Main Idea Choices: Bacteria break down pollutants Bacteria Bacteria help humans in many ways Too Specific: Too General: Just Right:

Practice Finding Main Idea Read the first paragraph from any story found in your text book and then write down the main idea. Share each persons main idea with a partner and then decide if the main idea is Too Specific: Too General: Just Right: Is the main idea stated or inferred?

Practice Using Categorization and Top Down topic webs Directions for using the web site for top-down topic webs can be found at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TP62aNlVu0 The web site for top-down topic webs is: https://bubbl.us/ Using the top-down web created on a sheet of paper where you organized something in your own life create a graphic top-down topic web using bubbl.us Next use the information from the categorization exercise and create a second graphic top-down topic web. Last, create a top-down topic web using a story from a book that you are reading or from a story in your literature book. List and define the words that you do not understand from your story. Using your top-down topic web write a summary of your story.

Main Idea Practice Use Story Work sheets No topic statement = inferred Topic statement = stated

Ticket Out the door How does using categorization and top-down topic webs help you with reading comprehension and writing?

Main Idea Discuss and review worksheets from last week using Goldilocks. Too Specific: Too General: Just Right:

Thinking Out Loud, Discussion, and text structure Good readers think actively and engage in a process to make sense of what they read. This is called meta-cognition – meaning a reader’s awareness of himself as a reader and knowledge about the use of comprehension strategies. This is also defined as thinking about thinking. Students can develop this skill through think aloud activities that allows them to be involved in the discussion of text meaning. The discussion involves generating and answering question and summarizing while reading text.

Thinking Out Loud, Discussion, and text structure Think aloud includes: Categorizing The thinking process of finding the main idea Goldilocks Labeling the bucket Self-cuing Identification of stated and implied paragraph main ideas Use of story maps and graphic organizers to represent text structure Use of text heading and sub-heading

Text Level Narrative v. Expository text Narrative text usually includes basic literary elements such as setting, characters, a problem and its solution, a theme, and a series of events. Main ideas in narrative text tend to be main events that can later be used to develop a plot summary. (Story Maps) Expository text is always nonfiction and explains information. Expository text is the structure most often found in textbooks. It is usually structured around a hierarchy of main ideas, ranging from broad topics represented by chapter and section headings to paragraph-level main ideas. (Top-down topic web)

Practice Read the first two stories under our theme: Science Fiction v. Science: As you read complete the story map and the review the structure activities. We will discuss this work in tomorrows class. Ticket Out the Door: How do story maps help with reading comprehension?

Practice Read “Zoo” View "People Are Alike All Over” Discuss story map Think out loud exercise

Welcome to Friday’s Book Club Use a Story Map to share your book with the rest of the class.

Two-Column Notes Bell Ringer: In your notebook describe how two-column notes can be used as a tool to improve reading comprehension in all subjects.

Two-Column Format When you take notes comprehension is enhanced as you process, organize, and restate information in your own words. Taking notes from reading is much easier than taking notes from lectures because you can read portions of text several times at your own pace. With practice you can increase your note-taking skills. To take notes, you must identify main ideas and key details, paraphrase them using as few words as possible, and record them in a structured format. You practiced these skills through categorization, story maps, and top-down story webs.

Two-Column Notes To begin, a page of two-column notes should have a vertical line drawn down the length of page and a horizontal line intersecting near the top (to form a “T” shape). The vertical line is approximately one third of the way across the page from the left border. This two-column format provides clear visual distinction between main ideas (to be listed in the left column) and key details (right column). A heading of topic should be noted at the top of the page. The two-column format is also a helpful study tool. The details in the right column can be covered as you read the main ideas and quiz yourself on the detail. Also, the left column can be covered as the student uses the details to test main idea knowledge.

Two-Column Note Practice Language Arts Story Section from: Social Studies Book Math Book Science book

Two-Column Notes Write out how to set up a two-column note’s page.