Water Kód ITMS projektu: Gymnázium Pavla Jozefa Šafárika – moderná škola tretieho tisícročia Vzdelávacia oblasť: Jazyk a komunikácia Predmet Anglický jazyk Ročník, triedy: IV.OA Tematický celok: Voda Vypracoval: Ing. Diana Matisová Dátum:

The existence of water is essential for life on Earth. Water is made up of two elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Its chemical formula is H 2 O. Water has three different states, liquid, solid and gas. The word water usually refers to water in its liquid state. The solid state of water is known as ice while the gas state of water is known as steam or water vapor. Water covers around 70% of the Earth’s surface. WATER FACTS

Water from a sea or ocean is known as seawater. On average, every kilogram of seawater contains around 35 grams of dissolved salt. The freezing point of water lowers as the amount of salt dissolved in at increases. With average levels of salt, seawater freezes at -2 °C. Water in the form of ice is found at the polar ice caps of the planet Mars, some scientists have also suggested the possibility of liquid water on the red planet.

Pure water has no smell and no taste, it also has a pH level around 7. While most people know that water boils at 100 °C (212 °F), this is at the normal conditions of sea level. The boiling point of water actually changes relative to the barometric pressure. For example, water boils at just 68 °C (154 °F) on the top of Mount Everest The longest river in the world is the Nile River, it reaches 6650 kilometers in length.

1.What is the chemical formula of water? 2.What are the names of two elements water is made up of? 3.What are the three states of water? 4.Is it possible to find water in another planet? 5.What is the name of the longest river in the world? 6.Does pure water have taste or smell? QUICK QUIZ

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES: 1.Water boils at at normal conditions and at on the top of Mont Everest. 2.River Nile is km long. 3.Seawater freezes at Water covers around of the Earth’s surface. 5.Every kilogram of seawater contains around grams of dissolved salt QUICK QUIZ

The water cycle involves water evaporating (turning into a gas), rising to the sky, cooling and condensing into tiny drops of water or ice crystals that we see as clouds, falling back to Earth as rain, snow or hail before evaporating again and continuing the cycle. EXERCISE: Look at the picture on the next slide and describe the water cycle. THE WATER CYCLE

Around 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans. Ocean tides are caused by the Earth rotating while the Moon and Sun’s gravitational pull acts on ocean water. The largest ocean on Earth is the Pacific Ocean, it covers around 30% of the Earth’s surface. The Pacific Ocean’s name has an original meaning of ‘peaceful sea’. OCEANS FACTS

Located to the east of the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench is the deepest known area of Earth’s oceans. It has a deepest point of around metres. The Pacific Ocean contains around different islands, many more than are found in Earth’s other oceans. The Pacific Ocean is surrounded by the Pacific Ring of Fire, a large number of active volcanoes. The second largest ocean on Earth is the Atlantic Ocean, it covers over 21% of the Earth’s surface.

The Atlantic Ocean’s name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology. Amelia Earhart became the first female to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in The third largest ocean on Earth is the Indian Ocean, it covers around 14% of the Earth’s surface. During winter the Arctic Ocean is almost completely covered in sea ice.

What is the largest ocean? What is the deepest area of Earth’s oceans? Where can we find islands: Madagascar, Seychelles, Sri Lanka? Where can we find islans: Cook Islands, Tahiti, Hawai, Galapagos islands? Where can we find islands: Haiti, Barbados, St. Helena What is the Ring of fire? Look at the next slide. QUICK QUIZ

THE RIVERS OF THE WORLD EXERCISE: Do you know the names of the rivers in these pictures?

LONDON THAMES

GLASGOW CLYDE

PARIS SEINE

MOSCOW

PRAGUE VLTAVA

BUDAPEST DANUBE

ROME TIBER

WASHINGTON D.C. POTOMAC

CAIRO NILE

SANGHAI HUANGPU

VARANASI GANGES

1 Nile 6671 km 2 Amazon 6437 km 3 Jang c Tiang 6300 km 4 Mississippi 6212 km 5 Chuang Che (Yellow River) 5464 km 6 Ob 5410 km 7 Congo 4835 km 8 Mekong 4500 km THE LONGEST RIVERS

The Nile is famous as the longest river in the world. The river got its name from the Greek word Neilos, which means valley. Only 22% of the river passes through Egypt, the other countries through which Nile passes are Sudan, Burundi, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Eritrea, Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania. NILE RIVER - FACTS

The Nile Delta in Northern Egypt is where the Nile River drains in to the Mediterranean Sea. It is around 160 kilometres in length and spreads out over 240 kilometres of coastline. It is rich in agriculture and has been farmed for thousands of years. Around 40 million people (half of Egypt’s population) live in the Nile Delta region.

The Amazon River is located in South America. It runs through Guyana, Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru. During the wet season, the Amazon River can reach over 190 kilometres in width. There are no bridges that cross the Amazon, mostly because there is no need, the majority of the Amazon River runs through rainforests rather than roads or cities. AMAZON RIVER - FACTS

The largest city along the Amazon River is Manaus. Located in Brazil it is home to over 1.7 million people. There are over 3000 known species of fish that live in the Amazon River, with more constantly being discovered. Anacondas lurk in the shallow waters of the Amazon Basin, they are one of the largest snakes in the world and occasionally attack larger animals such as goats that get to close the water. The Amazon River is also home to the piranha, a meat eating type of fish!

Which river flow through London, Paris, Budapest, Rome, Washington D.C? What are the names of the 3 longest rivers? How long is the longest river? What does the word „Nile“ mean? How many states does Nile flow through? Name at least 5 of them. What is the Nile Delta? QUICK QUIZ

How many states does Amazon river flow through? Name at least 4 of them. Why there are no bridges that cross the Amazon river? How many fish species do live in Amazon river? What is anaconda and piranha? QUICK QUIZ

Next slides show pictures of rivers from the space. SPACE PICTURES

MISSISSIPPI

GANGES

CONGO

MEKONG

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL FALLS

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