Did the German People Benefit from Hitler’s Rule? Lesson 1 LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

To what extent did Germans benefit from Nazi rule in the 1930s? STARTER: Can you name the 7 leading Nazi figures? Give one fact about each To what extent did Germans benefit from Nazi rule in the 1930s?

Pictured from left to right are Joseph Goebbels, Robert Ley, Heinrich Himmler, Victor Lutze, Rudolf Hess, Adolf Hitler and Julius Streicher. (June 9, 1938)

There were three major problems faced by the German economy when Hitler became chancellor: a) international debt b) agricultural stagnation c) industrial unemployment. How did the Nazis address these problems, and how successful were their policies? LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc COPY OUT THIS TEXT

How did Hitler initially deal with unemployment How did Hitler initially deal with unemployment? Short-term measures: The RAD and the DAF LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

The fall in unemployment The number of unemployed people in Germany came down very quickly after 1933. 6 million people were on the unemployment register in 1933; by 1934 there were 3.8 million. The number went on falling until 1939, when it was 0.3 million. This was great for Nazi propaganda: Hitler becomes chancellor, and immediately afterwards there are lots more jobs. COPY OUT THIS TEXT LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Unemployment under Hitler LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

The National Labour Service (RAD) Hitler’s first measure to tackle unemployment was the setting up of the National Labour Service (RAD) to provide the jobs he had promised to the German people. This organization gave men jobs in public works schemes, for example, building schools, hospitals and motorways and digging drainage ditches. Men in the RAD had to wear a uniform and live in work camps. Their wages were really only pocket money, but for many this was an improvement on a life with no work. At least they got free meals. COPY OUT THIS TEXT LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

The German Labour Front (DAF) Within months of taking power, Hitler decided to abolish all trade unions. In their place he set up the German Labour Front (DAF) run by Dr Robert Ley. Its rules included: bosses could no longer sack workers on the spot workers could not leave a job without the government’s permission only government-run labour exchanges could arrange new jobs workers could no longer bargain for higher wages strikes were made illegal limitations on the hours a person could work were abolished. Many Germans were working 60–72 hours a week by 1939. COPY OUT THIS TEXT Do you think that the German Labour Front would have been popular with the workers?

Unemployment – the limits of success The unemployment figures for Nazi Germany look very impressive, but they don’t tell the whole story. From 1933, women were no longer included in unemployment figures. Once the Nazis came to power, most Jews were sacked; their jobs were given to other Germans. From 1935, Jews could no longer hold German citizenship and were removed from the unemployment register. The unemployed were obliged to take any job offered or else be classed as ‘work-shy’ and imprisoned. Conscription removed over a million young men from the employment market. COPY OUT THIS TEXT LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

How did Hitler and the Nazis deal with the economy How did Hitler and the Nazis deal with the economy? Agriculture and Industry Lesson 2 LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Comprehension recap questions: STARTER: Comprehension recap questions: You have 5 minutes to answer these questions in the back of your books: What 3 problems faced the German economy when Hitler became Chancellor in 1933? How many unemployed German people were there in 1933 How many unemployed German people were there in 1939? What was the RAD What was the DAF

dealt with by Hugenberg and Darré The production of food (agriculture) and goods (industry) is sometimes referred to as ‘Butter’. In Nazi Germany 3 specific men were given the roles of improving both: Agriculture: dealt with by Hugenberg and Darré Industry: dealt with by Hjalmar Schacht and the ‘New Plan’ 'Butter' = consumer goods / food production LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Problems – imports World food prices had been low for many decades, which meant Germany had been importing cheap food from abroad. Because of this, German farmers could not sell their food at a price which would enable them to make a good living. This meant that Germany was usually importing more than it exported, resulting in an unhealthy balance of trade – in other words, a mounting national debt. Moreover, dependence on imports was preventing Germany from achieving economic self-sufficiency (autarchy), which Hitler felt was necessary in order to prepare the German economy for war. LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Agricultural solutions TASKS: What role did Hugenberg play in Hitler’s government? What 3 policies did Hugenberg introduce? What role did Darré play in Hitler’s government? What 3 policies did Darré introduce? How popular do you think these policies would be? Agricultural solutions

AGRICULTURE IN NAZI GERMANY Over the next couple of slides we will be looking at the successes and failures of Nazi agricultural policies. Copy out the table. Copy the information from the slides in to your exercise books. AGRICULTURE IN NAZI GERMANY SUCCESSES FAILURES FARMERS FOOD PRODUCTION

Agricultural successes Food production increased by 20% 1928–38, leaving Germany self-sufficient in bread, grains, potatoes, sugar, meat, vegetables and eggs. Farmers saw their incomes increase by about 40% between 1928–38. LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Agricultural failures Food production was still not at a level sufficient to feed the German population without the need for imports. Farmers came to resent the interference of the Reich Food Estate. LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Industrial solutions – the New Plan TASKS Who was Hjalmar Schacht? What was the ‘New Plan’? How did the ‘New Plan’ affect foreign and domestic firms? LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Industrial solutions – assessment LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

The Nazi Economic Miracle? – 5 minutes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7m6b1cyRyo

How did Hitler rearm Germany How did Hitler rearm Germany? ‘From Butter to Guns’ Hermann Goering, Rearmament and the Four-Year Plan Lesson 3 'Guns' = rearmament LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

STARTER: Complete this missing word exercise LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

SUMMARISE THIS TEXT IN YOUR OWN WORDS Problems SUMMARISE THIS TEXT IN YOUR OWN WORDS Rearmament was very important to Hitler – he was determined to ‘make Germany ready for war again’. He wanted to conquer the Ukraine and use its resources to make Germany self-sufficient in food and raw materials. However, rearmament was forbidden under the Treaty of Versailles, so Hitler had to conceal his actions from the Allies. Because spending had to be concealed, a lot was hidden in a work creation programme – building new runways, barracks and motorways (‘autobahns’). This only provided a few, often highly-skilled, jobs. LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Solution: the Four-Year Plan LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

The Four-Year Plan – assessment The army grew from just 100,000 men in 1933 to 1,400,000 in 1939. These soldiers needed equipping, so 46 billion marks were spent on weapons and equipment, creating thousands of jobs in the arms industries. Obviously, those doing military service did not count as unemployed – this took 1,300,000 off the unemployment register. COPY OUT THIS TEXT However, Schacht argued that this policy was not providing long-term stability, but merely gearing Germany towards another catastrophic European war. LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

REASONS FOR THE SUPREMACY OF HITLER IN THE 1930’S Communists eliminated Rhineland reoccupation Aryan race superiority Brilliant propaganda Treaty of Versailles disobeyed Rearmament Exciting speeches by Hitler Economic improvements Paid holidays Army support after Night of Long Knives Recruitment of young into Hitler Youth Swastika gave pride Own car (Volkswagen) No ‘useless eaters’ Support by big business LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc COPY OUT THIS TEXT

(a) Schacht, (b) Hugenberg, (c) Darré & (d) Goering. Plenary In this unit you have learnt about the role played by: (a) Schacht, (b) Hugenberg, (c) Darré & (d) Goering. 1. Take each of the 4 people (a-d) and in a couple of sentences summarise their role in Nazi Germany 2. Which of these, if any, do you think set out to prepare Germany for war in the years leading up to 1939? 3. Who was most responsible for the ‘Nazi economic miracle’ which saw unemployment all but disappear? 4. How successfully do you think the Nazis solved the unemployment problem? In this discussion students should consider all parts of this unit. LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc

Did the German People Benefit from Hitler’s Rule? After 1939, with the Second World War and the ruination of Germany, Hitler cannot receive the same praise. It has been argued that if Hitler had died in 1939, he would have been hailed as the greatest German leader of all time. 10 minute collection of Hitler speeches – good quality http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhVM0HmGado&feature=fvsr&skipcontrinter=1

To what extent did the German people benefit from Nazi rule? TASK Consumable sheet Did the German People Benefit from Hitler’s Rule? You need to summarise the information you have found out over the last few weeks about life in Nazi Germany, as preparation for assessment tasks

Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule? Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects Government Unlike the Weimar government, Hitler’s government was strong – it passed laws quickly. 1933- 1939 Germany was totalitarian (Enabling Act: 23/3/33): Hitler was a dictator Censorship prevented freedom of speech Propaganda gave people a biased view Press/Media As the press published the positive side of Germany, the morale of the people was boosted. 1933-1939 Censorship and propaganda meant people had a distorted view of events. This was bad in the long run.

Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule? Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects Economy Reduced inflation and unemployment, e.g. the building of the Autobahns. He tried to make Germany self-sufficient. Foreign trade improved, e.g. Volkswagen 1933 - 1939 Women deprived of jobs, which were given to men. Minorities lost their jobs, e.g. the Jews (Nuremberg Laws, 1936)Economic growth wrecked. Military The Junkers benefited from rearmament. Unemployment was reduced by conscription and munitions factories. Army benefited from military success. 1941-1945: Armed forces defeated

Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule? Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects Churches Catholics were supposed to be protected by the Concordat with the Pope (1933) 1933- 1939 The Concordat was broken. Protestant ministers were also persecuted, e.g. pastor Niemoller who was sent to Auschwitz. Prejudice and intolerance were encouraged by propaganda, e.g. against Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, Poles and Negros. Jews etc   1933- 1945 Minorities were persecuted, e.g. the Jews were exterminated after 1941 (The Holocaust)

Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule? Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects Youth Both boys and girls in the Hitler Youth Movement became fit 1933 - 1939 Narrow-minded youth resulted through propaganda and education, i.e. the education policies of Dr. Robert Ley. Women Like men, they benefited from the effects of economic reform – more wealth. 1933 - 1939 Women depended on the incomes of men for their wealth: Women lost jobs then regained them as men were conscripted. Sexist policies, e.g. medals for breeding – gold cross for 8 children.