Plant Life Cycle 4.01 Explain the growth process of plants.

This young plant that grows from a seed is called a seedling. When a seed has sunlight, air, water, and nutrients it will begin to germinate, or start to grow. This young plant that grows from a seed is called a seedling.

Seeds Seeds are formed in the center part of the flower or fruit. Seeds come in many shapes and sizes. Mature, fertilized ovules!

What is seed? A mature ovule containing an embryo The sexual reproductive unit in a plant Consists of 4 parts: Embryo Storage tissue Seed coat Seed leaf (Cotyledon)

Parts of a Seed Seed Coat Seed Leaf Stored Food Developing Plant

Embryo A complete miniature plant in resting stage Each has a root, stem, or one or two seed leaves (called cotyledons) Divided into 2 parts: Hypocotyl Forms lower stem and roots Epicotyl Forms all plant part above first node

Stems-Internal Monocot : examples: corn, grasses Dicot: example: trees Vs Dicot Dicot: example: trees

Storage Tissue Stored food to be used by plant in first stages of growth Stored in endosperm in corn Stored in cotyledon in beans

Seed Coat Radicle Plumule The hard covering that protects the seed (endosperm & embryo) is the ... Seed Coat First to emerge through a protective sheath…. Radicle Emerging shoot that becomes the stem…. Plumule

How Seeds Are Scattered Planting Animals Water Wind http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/the-seedy-side-of-plants/video-shooting-seeds-burrowing-seeds/4665/

About seeds The fruit breaks open. The seeds fall. Plants About seeds The fruit breaks open. The seeds fall. The wind blows the plant and the seeds fall out. Slide 34 to 35 are about seeds that use the wind to disperse. Produced by W Pallant

About seeds Some seeds have parachutes. The wind blows the seeds away. dandelion Some seeds have parachutes. The wind blows the seeds away. Some seeds have wings. They fly through the air for a long way.

About seeds Animals help disperse some seeds. Plants Slide 36 is about animals that disperse seeds. Produced by W Pallant

How a Seed Grows into a New Plant The life of a plant begins as a seed. Once you plant and water a seed it begins to germinate. The root pushes through the seed coat. The seedling grows out of the ground. The stem and its leaves point to the sunlight. The leaves make its own food. Flowers begin to bloom and make seeds. New seeds are formed and scattered. What is this process called?

The Life Cycle of a Plant

Otherwise know as sexual reproduction!

The life cycle of a plant Plants The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed. Slides 20 to 23 are part 1 of the plant life cycle. Produced by W Pallant

The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed. Leaves start to grow.

The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed. Leaves start to grow. More leaves grow. Flower buds appear.

The life cycle of a plant Roots grow from a seed. Leaves start to grow. More leaves grow. Flower buds appear. The flowers open.

The life cycle of a plant Plants The life cycle of a plant The petals die. The flowers make a fruit with seeds inside. Slides 24 to 25 are part 2 of the plant life cycle. Produced by W Pallant

The life cycle of a plant The petals die. The flowers make a fruit with seeds inside. The fruit dries and falls.

Plants A pictorial diagram of the plant life cycle. Produced by W Pallant

How deep??? Depends on size of seeds Plant no more that 1 ½ times the diameter of the seed. Larger seeds are planted deeper Smaller seeds are planted shallow Water small seeds from the bottom by soaking to prevent burying them

Germination rate The % of seeds that sprout Example 75 of 100 = 75% Are affected by temperature and moisture Vary depending on type of plant and quality (viability) of the seed Seed viability is the seed’s capability of growing or developing.

Seedlings The first sets of leaves are call cotyledons Monocots produce one seed leaf Dicots produce two seed leaves True leaves are the second set of leaves Transplant seedlings when the first true leaves appear Before planting in the outdoor envionment, reduce humidity and water and make the environment more like the outside to “Harden off” plants.

Sexual propagation Advantages It is a fast way to get many plants It is easy to do It is economical Disadvantages Some plants, especially hydrids, do not reproduce true to parents Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds