Chapter 8

 Why is a territory seen as an expression of political or cultural identity?  How did the Pharaohs influence the land they ruled?

 Pyramid  Old Kingdom  New Kingdom  Pharaoh Khufu  Pharaoh Senusret  Pharaoh Hatshepsut  Pharaoh Ramses II

 Dynasties were established in ancient Egypt whenever MEMBERS of ONE FAMILY and their descendents RULED for an extended period of time

The ancient Egyptian people believed that their kings or pharaohs were IMMORTAL and DIVINE They believed the pharaohs had descended from GODS And they believed their kings had the power to make life itself “good or bad” “rich or poor” “easy or difficult”

Viewed as GODS, the Egyptian people gave their kings ABSOLUTE POWER over the people Whatever the pharaoh decided became law The people obeyed the king and his law without question The king decided whether to go to WAR, where NEW CITIES should be located, with whom to TRADE and when to PLANT and HARVEST the crops

 Look at the graphic organizer, think about the following questions:  What do you see on this postcard?  Who do you think ordered the monuments to be built?  Why do you think the Egyptian pharaohs has these giant monuments built?  What monuments in our society are similar to these?

 They established a strong central government  They built great pyramids as tombs Also known as… “The Age of the Pyramids”

 Many great achievements in art, literature, and architecture  this period came AFTER a time of chaos and disunity Also known as… “The Period of Reunification”

 Egypt’s power reaches it’s height  Increased trade and built gigantic monuments Also known as… “Egypt’s Golden Age”

 Listen to Welcome to the Tour  Read section 8.2 & Look at the map  What are the three periods in ancient Egyptian history?  What is each time period most known for?  What was the role of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt?  What are some of the places in Egypt where we might see monuments built by these pharaohs?

Hypothesize with your group about how the Ancient Egyptians could have created the Great Pyramid at Giza. Be prepared to share you idea with the class!

Thousands of workers sometimes took DECADES to build a single pyramid or tomb Khuru had the great pyramid of Giza built in his honor For 4300 years it was the LARGEST building on Earth Today it stands over 45 stories high It consists of over 2 MILLION building stones each over 2 tons in size Some of the stones were quarried hundreds of miles away up the Nile Thousands of workers LOST their LIVES building these tombs

 1 Ton = 2,000 pounds!!!

 Share your post card with a neighbor!

Several WOMEN ruled ancient Egypt during its 4000 years of history Queen Hatshepsut was the FIRST and she reigned during Egypt’s New Kingdom Her kingdom was best known for its PEACE and PROSPERITY While her armies defended Egypt from invasion, she established NEW TRADE routes and partners in Africa Her navy returned to Egypt loaded with ivory, gold and spices

After Queen Hatshepsut died, her stepson King Thutmose III ascended the throne Thutmose II was one of the most “militaristic” of Egyptian pharaohs He led the Egyptian armies into war and they were able to EXPAND ancient Egypt IN SIZE by capturing Nubia to the SOUTH and Phoenicia and Syria to the EAST In fact his armies reached as far EAST as the Euphrates River in modern day Iraq

 Share your postcard!

Perhaps the greatest of pharaohs was King Ramses II While Queen Hatsheput made Egypt powerful by trade, Ramses II made Egypt more powerful by war His empire became the LARGEST of Egyptian empires His army defeated the powerful Hittite Empire to the east Under Ramses II, ancient Egypt stretched from Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea - from the upper reaches of the Nile to the Red Sea

Government and religion Astronomy and mathematics Engineering and hydro Medicine A system of writing – hieroglyphs and papyrus

 Share with a neighbor!

While you watch the video complete the graphic organizer on this slide in the class work section of your binder.