INTRODUCTON TO 3 D SOLID MODELLING VIEW, 3D ORBIT, VIEWPORTS SHADE, HIDE, WIREFRAME UCS FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS

3D modelling has several advantages: You can view the model from any vantage point You can generate reliable standard and auxiliary 2D views automatically You can remove the hidden lines and do realistic shading Export the model to create an animation With one 3D CAD model, you can generate views from any angle either side or outside the house. 3 D MODELS- WHY 3D? FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS

2D3D: A concept of displaying real objects on a flat surface showing only height and width. This sysem uses only the X and Y axis. A way of displaying real world objects in a more natural way by adding depth to the height and width. This system uses the X, Y, Z axis.

Three types of 3D modelling are supported in Autocad: Wireframe, Surface Solid Each type of modelling has its own creation and editing techniques. TYPES OF 3D MODELLING IN AUTOCAD FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS There are some commands to create basic 3D solids in Autocad.

We can also create our own 3d objects by using 2d drawings. TYPES OF 3D MODELLING IN AUTOCAD FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS Extrude Command: “creating solids” Subtract Command: “subtracting voids from solids” :

PROCESS OF 3D MODELLING FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS

PROCESS OF 3D MODELLING FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS

DISPLAYING 3D SOLIDS FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS There is also ways of displaying 3D objects: Wireframe Shade Hide Render RENDER HIDE WIREFRAME SHADE

3D VIEW, 3D ORBIT, VIEWPORTS TO CHANGE THE VIEW OF 3D OBJECT: 3D VIEW VIEWPORTS 3D ORBIT UCS Whenever we change our viewpoint, the UCS İcon of Autocad modifies. FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS

3D VIEW options in Autocad: Orthographic options: Top, bottom, front, back, left, right Isometric options are: SW Isometric, SE Isometric, NE Isometric, NW Isometric 3D VIEW The location of the eye (VIEWPOINT) and the location of the 3D object generates the way object looks.

VIEWPORTS FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS

3D ORBIT The 3D Orbit view displays an arcball, which is a circle divided into four quadrants by smaller circles. When 3DORBIT is active, the target of the view stays stationary and the point of view moves around the target. Rotating the view by clicking on the quadrants rotates the view around only around, X,Y, Z axis.

UNDERSTANDING UCS (USER COORDINATE SYSTEM) A Cartesian coordinate system has three axes, X, Y, and Z. When you enter coordinate values, you indicate a point's distance (in units) and its direction (+ or -) along the X, Y, and Z axes relative to the coordinate system origin (0,0,0). There are two coordinate systems: a fixed system called the world coordinate system (WCS) and a movable system called the user coordinate system (UCS). FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS In the WCS, the X axis is horizontal, the Y axis is vertical, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the XY plane. The origin is where the X and Y axes intersect (0,0) in the lower-left corner of the drawing. The USER COORDINATE SYSTEM(UCS) allows you to reposition the XY plane for use of creating 3D models. The UCS icon changes according to changing orientation of the XY plane-changing UCS.

But, you also have to know how AutoCAD measures angles of rotation in 3-D. There is a somewhat simple rule for this called "The Right Hand Rule". To figure out which is the positive rotation angle, imagine that you are wrapping your right hand around the axis with your thumb pointing towards the positive end. The direction that your fingers are wrapped is the positive direction. This applies to all three axes. FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS UNDERSTANDING UCS (USER COORDINATE SYSTEM)

FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS UNDERSTANDING UCS THROUGH EXAMPLES As you can see from the two illustrations above, the UCS icon shifts its position to indicate the orientation of the current User Co-ordinate System. Also, when you are working in a UCS the W disappears from the icon to indicate that you are no longer in the World Co-ordinate System.

FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS SAMPLE TO 3D MODELS

FFD 201 – BASIC 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS AND TOOLS SAMPLE TO 3D MODELS