TOURISM PETER ROBINSON MICHAEL LÜCK STEPHEN L. J. SMITH

Water-borne Transport 6

Learning Objectives To understand the variety of modes of water-borne transportation To explore the management and marketing issues associated with cruising To appreciate the geography of cruise holidays

Water-borne transport has a long history –Before air travel, much long-haul travel was by water Cruise ships were ‘jumbo jets’ of their day Water offers many recreational activities –Physical exercise –Relaxation –Sightseeing –Wildlife viewing –Fishing Background

Most activities require some form of infrastructure or support services –Docks –Chandlers –Marinas (fuel, repairs, boat sales and leasing) –Navigation aids –Locks and canals (industrial waterways) Background

At least 20 million boats registered in private ownership Many forms –Canoes, kayaks, row boats, skiffs, dories, pedal boats, etc. –Inboard, outboard, inboard/outboard motors –Sailboats and Jet boats –Personal hydrocraft –Water skiing –Hydro bikes/surf bikes Private Craft

Rental boats Water taxis Ferries (passenger and vehicle) ‘Bare boating’ Tour boats –Surface –Submersible and semi-submersibles Canal (narrow) boats Cruise lines Commercial Water Transportation

(Usually) multi-stops combining accommodation, onboard and shore activities, restaurants Emerged after decline of transatlantic liners Many options –Duration –Location –Degree of luxury –Class of service –Size of ship –Cruise themes, activities Cruise Lines

Fly & cruise packages Rail & cruise packages Repositioning cruises ‘Cruises to nowhere’ Special interest cruises –Activities –Target market –Educational cruises –‘Tall ships’ Types of Cruises

River cruises Lake cruises Freighters Mail and supply ships Types of Cruises

Air pollution from diesel engines Dumping of waste at sea (in international waters) Noise concerns in port Automobile traffic in ports during departures and arrivals Environmental Concerns around Cruising

Very different layout and sizes for passenger versus cargo/container ports (passenger ports are smaller) Essential for cruise industry Two types –Home ports –Ports-of-call Ports