Vocabulary, tense, voice, mood, the stem, the endings PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE Lesson 3 J. Gresham Machen New Testament Greek for Beginners Vocabulary, tense, voice, mood, the stem, the endings

16. Vocabulary lu’w, I loose, I destroy ble’pw, I see ginw’skw, I know gra’phw, I write lamba’nw, I take le’gw, I say ‘echw, I have dida’skw, I teach

Tense, voice and mood 17. The Greek verb has tense, voice and mood, like the verb in other languages. 17a. The present tense (in the indicative) refers to present time. 17b. The active voice represents the subject as acting instead of being acted upon. 17c. The indicative mood makes an assertion, in distinction, for example, from a command or wish.

18. Present active indicative of the verb lu’w, I loose, I destroy SINGULAR 1. lu’w, I loose, I am loosing 2. lu’eis, you loose, you are loosing 3. lu’ei, he looses, he is loosing NOTE: The letter omega in the Greek has been substituted with our modern letter “w.” Thus lu’w reads as lu’oo, with a long o. PLURAL 1. lu’omen, we loose, we are loosing 2. lu’ete, you loose, you are loosing 3. lu’ousi, they loose, they are loosing

The present active indicative of the verb BLEPO, I see, is as follows: SINGULAR ble’pw, I see ble’peis, you see ble’pei, he, she, it sees NOTE: The letter omega in the Greek has been substituted with our modern letter “w.” Thus ble’pw reads as ble’poo, with a long o. PLURAL ble’pomen, we see ble’pete, you see ble’pousi, they see

The personal endings added to the stems in present active indicative are: SINGULAR -w -eis -ei Example: ginw’skw, I know ginw’skeis, you know ginw’skei, he, she, it knows PLURAL -omen -ete -ousi Example: ginw’skomen, we know ginw’skete, you know ginw’skousi, they know

The present active indicative of the verb gra’phw, I write, is as follows: SINGULAR gra’phw, I write gra’pheis, you write gra’phei, he, she, it writes NOTE: The letter omega in the Greek has been substituted with our modern letter “w.” Thus gra’phw reads as gra’phoo, with a long o. PLURAL gra’phomen, we write gra’phete, you write gra’phousi, they write

The present active indicative of the verb lamba’nw, I take, is as follows: SINGULAR lamba’nw, I take lamba’neis, you take lamba’nei, he, she, it takes PLURAL lamba’nomen, we take lamba’nete, you take lamba’nousi, they take

The present active indicative of the verb le’gw, I say, is as follows: SINGULAR le’gw, I say le’geis, you say le’gei, he, she, it says PLURAL le’gomen, we say le’gete, you say le’gousi, they say

The present active indicative of the verb ‘echw, I have, is as follows: SINGULAR ‘echw, I have ‘echeis, you have ‘echei, he, she, it has PLURAL ‘echomen, we have ‘echete, you have ‘echousi, they have

The present active indicative of the verb dida’skw, I teach, is as follows: SINGULAR dida’skw, I teach dida’skeis, you teach dida’skei, he, she, it teaches PLURAL dida’skomen, we teach dida’skete, you teach dida’skousi, they teach

19. Some distinctions noted It will be observed that the distinctions between first person (person speaking), second person (person spoken to), third person (person spoken of), and between the singular and plural numbers, which is English are indicated for the most part by subject-pronouns, are indicated in the Greek by the endings. Thus no pronoun is necessary to translate we loose into Greek; the we is sufficiently indicated by the ending –omen.

The stem 20. The part of the verb that remains constant throughout the conjugation and has the various endings added to it is call the stem. Thus the present stem of LU’W is LU-. The present stem of a verb can be obtained by removing the final omega letter from the form given in the vocabulary. The present of LE’GW, I say, is LEG-.

21. Distinctions between I loose and I am loosing In the present tense, there is in Greek no distinction between I loose, which represents the action as taking place in present time, and I am loosing, which calls attention to the continuance of the action. Both of these ideas, therefore, should be connected with the Greek form LU’W. The distinction between the two will become exceedingly important when we past over to past time; for there the Greek makes the distinction even more sharply than English.

22. Distinctions between you loose and you are loosing The second person, you loose or you are loosing, in English may of course be either singular or plural, and may be translated by the student either by LU’EIS or by LU’ETE, except when the context makes plain which is meant (i.e., whether plural or singular). Where it is desired, in the exercises, to indicate whether plural or singular is meant, the archaic forms thou loosest, etc. and ye loose, etc. will be used.

23. Exercises A. 1. ble’peis, ginw’skeis, lamba’neis. 2. gra’phei, ‘echei, le’gei. 3. lu’ei, dida’skei, ble’pei. 4. lamba’nomen, ‘echomen, ginw’skomen. 5. ble’pete, le’gete, gra’phete. 6. dida’skousi, lamba’nousi, lu’ousi. 7. ginw’skete, ginw’skeis, ginw’skomen. 8. ble’pomen, dida’skousi, le’gei. 9. ‘echeis, ble’pousi, lamba’nomen. It is advised that the student procure a book by Machen and learn the Greek alphabets and be conditioned with how these appear.

Translate (see Machen’s, p. 22). B.1. We are knowing, we see, we are seeing. 2. They are loosing, they loose, he looses. 3. He is loosing, ye have, thou knowest. 4. I am taking, we know, they say. 5. He has, we are writing, they see.

Answers to exercises A. 1. You see, you know, you take. 2. He writes, he has, he says. 3. He looses, he teaches, he sees. 4. We take, we have, we know. 5. You see, you say, you write. 6. They teach, they take, they loose. 7. You know, thou knowest, we know. 8. We see, they teach, he says. 9. You have, they see, we take.

Answers to exercises B. 1. ginw’skomen, ble’pomen, ble’pomen 2. lamba’nomen, lamba’nomen, lu’ei 3. lu’ei, ‘echete, ginw’skeis 4. lamba’nw, ginw’skomen, le’gousi 5. ‘echei, gra’phomen, ble’pousi