Chapter 5 and 6 Periodic Table

Developers of the Periodic Table Dobereiner – Classified elements into – Each had similar chemical properties – Examples Newlands – Arranged elements in pattern of – Ordered in increased atomic mass – Properties of the 8 th were like the 1 st, 9 th like 2 nd Mendeleev – Organized by increased – Given credit for the 1 st true periodic table – Why was it accepted? Moseley – Organized elements by – One that is accepted today

Reading the Periodic Table Each box – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5. Periods – How many currently? – How do they run? Groups or Families – How many? – Why are they put that way? – What group is Hydrogen in?

Labeling the groups European – Groups on left are labeled IA-VIIIA – Groups of right are labeled IB-VIIIB United States – Longer columns are labeled IA-VIIIA – Shorter columns are labeled IB-VIIIB IUPAC – Labeled with numbers 1-18

Metals – Make up most of the elements on the periodic table – Left side of the stairstep – Properties

Nonmetals Make up 18 elements on the periodic table. Right side of stairstep Properties – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5. – 6.

Semimetals Touch the stairstep Properties of both metals and nonmetals If on metal side If on nonmetal side

Alkali metals Group 1 Properties and characteristics – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5. – 6.

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Properties or characteristics – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5.

Transition Metals d block elements Properties or characteristics – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4. – 5.

Inner Transition Metals f block Most are radioactive Most are synthetic

Halogens Group 17 Salt formers Characteristics – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4.

Noble Gases Group 18 Characteristics – 1. – 2. – 3. – 4.

Valence Electrons Electrons in the outer most energy level Responsible for bonding and behavior

Hydrogen Most social element on the table Can easily be a +1 or -1 ion Very small atomic radius Takes on metal properties on Jupiter

Periodic Trends Atomic radii increases as you move down the table and from right to left. Ionic size – + ions are smaller than the atom – - ions are larger than the atom Ionization energy – Energy needed to remove 1 electron Electronegativity – Ability to attract electrons Most = Fluorine Least= Francium

Random Element Trivia All organic materials have carbon in them. Silicon is the 2 nd most abundant element in the Earths crust Nitrogen makes of 80% of the Earths atmosphere Most significant use of Phosphorus is in the making of Phosphoric Acid. Oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth. Most significant use of sulfur is the making of sulfuric acid. Most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen.