UNIT TWO: POPULATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B2xOvKFFz4&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Population Intro Why important to study? More people on earth than at any other time in history (7+ billion) World’s pop increased faster in second half of 20th Century than ever before Almost all global pop growth is occurring in LDCs…poorest countries growing fastest…in some cases leads to famine and human suffering People are living longer – past 50 yrs global life expectancy has increased by 20 yrs

STOP: Continents Discuss: Why are there more people!? So why mostly in the LCD’s?

DEMOGRAPHY Demography: study of human population Most demographers agree world population growth is slowing – why? Project population will plateau at @ 12 billion some time in 21st C Historically population growth has been steady but certain events have checked it…..such as?

How Get Demographic Information? The Census The US Census is taken every 10 years to count the population of the country. Gender, Age, Race, Income, Disabilities, Education . . . The #’s are important as they determine government funding Many protest that not all of the population is counted – homeless UN collects data on world population, as well as, The World Bank and Population Reference Bureau

Key Issue #1: Population Concentrations Ecumene: portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement ¾ world pop live on 5% of earth’s surface….Why? Sparsely Populated Regions Dry Wet Cold Highlands

Heavily Populated Regions 2/3 of world pop lives in 4 regions 1.) EAST ASIA (E. China, Japan, Taiwan, Koreas) 1/5 of the world’s population Clustered near the coast China has 20 large urban areas, but 2/3 pop is rural China = world #1 in population ¾ Japan and Korea = urban

Heavily Populated Regions 2.) SOUTH ASIA (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) 1/5 of the world’s population Clustered near rivers Confined by natural boundaries (Himalayas . . .) India = world #2 in population ¾ rural/farmers

Heavily Populated Regions 3.) EUROPE ( E and W) mostly urban 1/9 of the world’s population 4.) SE Asia (islands of Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand) Indonesia = world #4 in population Mostly rural Mainly islands Clustered near rivers and deltas

STOP: Continents Discuss What are at least 3 similarities between the most populous regions? Differences? Where are some other population clusters in the world? See if you can list the top 10 most populated countries in the world.

Top 10 Populous Nations 1. China 6. Pakistan 2. India 7. Russia 3. U.S.A. 8. Bangladesh 4. Indonesia 9. Nigeria 5. Brazil 10. Japan China and India expected to flip flop U.S. will stay #3 because of immigration LDCs taking top spots from MDCs

Population Density Arithmetic Density: total # of people divided by total area of land (ratio) -used to compare conditions in different countries -enables geographers to compare # of people trying to live on a given piece of land in different regions of the world. Highest = Bangladesh, Japan, Netherlands Remember high pop (China) not necessarily high pop density

World Population Density

Problems with Arithmetic Density Arithmetic Density does not always accurately portray population distribution. Can be misleading b/c is an average Examples: Egypt had a population of 73.3 million in 2004, and an arithmetic density of 190 per square mile. However, 98% of the population lives on only 3% of the land making the density meaningless. US = 78/sq mile, but Manhattan is 67,000/sq mile and Loving, TX .1/sq mile

Pop Density cont’d Physiological Density: ratio of people to a given unit of cultivable/arable land (suited for agriculture) i.e. can you feed your population? Can be high because of high pop density or poor land Ex: US 404/sq mile of arable land Egypt 9,073/sq mile of arable land

Agricultural Density Definition: ratio of farmers to the amount of arable land. MDC’s have LOW Agricultural Density because of technology. Putting Agriculture and Physiological densities together allows you to look at the relationship between population and resources.

Physiological Density Density Chart Arithmetic Density Physiological Density Agricultural Density Canada 3 65 1 US 32 175 2 Egypt 79 2296 251 Japan 338 2695 46 India 356 690 163 Netherlands 398 1748 23 Bangladesh 1127 1927 472