Population Distribution

Population Changes

World Population Growth Through History Billions 12 11 2100 10 9 Modern Age 8 Old Stone Bronze Iron Middle 7 Age New Stone Age Age Age Ages 6 2000 Future 5 4 1975 3 1950 2 1900 1 Black Death — The Plague 1800 1+ million 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. years B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. 1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).

World Population Growth, in Billions Number of years to add each billion (year) All of Human History (1800) 130 (1930) 30 (1960) 15 (1975) 12 (1987) 12 (1999) 14 (2013) 14 (2027) 21 (2048) Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

Annual Increase in World Population Millions Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

World Population Distribution

Trends in Population Growth Worldwide Population Increase and Growth Rate, Five-Year Periods Percent increase per year Millions This figure illustrates the lag between changes in the rate of growth and the net increase in population per year. Over the period 1985-1995, the population growth rate declined (a reflection of declining fertility), yet millions of people were added to the world’s population (which peaked around 1985, when 87 million people were added each year). From 2000 on, the growth rate will continue to decline. Between 2015 and 2020, we will still be adding 72 million people each year. Why? Because the generation of women now having their children is very large as the result of high fertility in their mothers’ and grandmothers’ generations. Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

World Population Clock 2005 Natural Increase per World More Developed Countries Less Developed Countries Less Developed Countries (less China) Year 80,794,218 1,234,907 79,559,311 71,906,587 Day 221,354 3,383 217,971 197,004 Minute 154 2 151 137 Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

Projected Population Change, by Country Percent Population Change, 2005-2050 Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

Population Distribution Where are the world’s population clusters?

Distribution of World Population Population concentrations The four largest population clusters East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe Other population clusters Sparsely populated regions Dry lands – Cold lands Wet lands – High lands Population density Arithmetic density Physiological density Agricultural density

Population concentrations The four largest population clusters East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe Other population clusters

Population Cartogram

World Population Distribution & Climate Zones Fig. 2-2: World population is unevenly distributed across the earth’s surface. Climate is one factor that affects population density.

World Population Density

Climate Zones (simplified)

Is this a Population Distribution Map?

Ecumene The inhabited areas of the world, as opposed to the non-ecumene which is sparsely or not at all inhabited. The ecumene of a nation is its more densely inhabited core. These very simplified classifications pose difficulties of delimitation.

Expansion of the Ecumene 5000 BC - 1900 AD Fig. 2-3: The ecumene, or the portion of the earth with permanent human settlement, has expanded to cover most of the world’s land area.

Ecumene, 5000 B.C.

Ecumene, A.D. 1

Ecumene, A.D.1500

Ecumene, A.D.1900

D

China Population Distribution Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys Sichuan Basin Coastal Plains China Proper

South Asia Population Distribution Ganges , Indus and Brahmaputra River Valleys G & B Delta Coastal Plains

Peninsular Southeast Asia Hanoi / Red River Valley Coastal Plains Bangkok / Chao Phraya river Saigon / Mekong Delta

Insular Southeast Asia Manila / Luzon Island Java Island

E D

Industrial Core

US Population Distribution

Latin America Population Density

World Population

Nigeria

Global Population Distribution

Population Density Population density is the measure of the number per unit area. It is commonly represented as people per square mile (or square kilometer), which is derived simply by dividing... Total area population / land area in square miles (or square kilometers)

Population Densities North America - 32 people per square mile South America - 73 people per square mile Europe - 134 people per square mile Asia - 203 people per square mile Africa - 65 people per square mile Australia - 6.4 people per square mile

Arithmetic density: The total number of peoples / area of land measured in km² or mi². Physiological density: The total population / the amount of arable land. Agricultural density: The total rural population / amount of gricultural land.

Arithmetic Population Density Fig. 2-4: Arithmetic population density is the number of people per total land area. The highest densities are found in parts of Asia and Europe.

Physiological Density Fig. 2-5: Physiological density is the number of people per arable land area. This is a good measure of the relation between population and agricultural resources in a society.

Measures of Population Density

Urban density : The number of peoples inhabiting an urban area / the total area of urban land. Ecological optimum: The density of population which can be supported by the area's natural resources.