 Drudgereport  Foreign Policy magazine  US News and World Report magazine  CNSNews.com  Pearcey Report – List international sites

 Nile River Longest in the world Yearly flooding but predictable Regulated Egyptian life Provided rich and fertile soil Protected Egypt from southern invasion Prevailing wind provided an upstream/downstream Worshipped as a god – giver of life and benevolent

 Upper and Lower Egypt Most of Egypt’s history focused on lower Egypt Upper Egypt developed later upstream Nile provided reliable transportation – prevailing wind for upstream/downstream  Environment Desert on both sides – provided protection and limited interaction

 No independent city-states in Egypt  Menes – king of Upper Egypt United two region in 3,100 B.C. Capital – Memphis Creates first Egyptian dynasty  Pharaoh – means “royal house” – the ruler of Egypt Were considered gods; served both political and religious roles Theocracy – government where political rulers are thought to be divinely guided or divine themselves. Believed to have ruled even after death because they all possessed the same spirit – “ka” Pharaoh's tomb was important because it was seen as a place of rule. Massive tombs were called Pyramids. Pyramids built primarily during Old Kingdom period

 Old Kingdom – B.C. The Great Pyramids built at Giza  Middle Kingdom – 2180 B.C – 1550 B.C. Kings in Thebes establish control over Egypt Chaos lead central administration in Lower Egypt to disappear following infiltration by Hyksos Upper Egypt dominated by kings in Thebes  New Kingdom – 1550 B.C B.C. Thebian King Ahmose expels the Hyksos and reunites Egypt Reigns of Amenhotep and Thutmose. Ramese II ( BC) divide power in Middle East with the Hittites. Capital – Qantir Invasions of mysterious sea peoples wreck havoc throughout Mediterranean region