Carbs, Fats, and Proteins Chapter 7 Section 1

What is Nutrition? Nutrition- is the science or study of food and the ways in which the body uses food. Nutrients- are substances in food that provide energy or help form body tissues and are necessary for life and growth.

Six Classes of Nutrients Carbs Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water

Carbohydrates A class of energy-giving nutrients that include sugars, starches and fiber.

Fats A class of energy-giving nutrients that are also the main form of energy storage in the body.

Proteins A class of nutrients made up of amino acids, which are needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.

A Balanced Diet Keep you Healthy Just remember that the food that you eat now in your teens can affect the risk of developing obesity, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer when you are in your 30’s, 40’s, or 50’s.

Food Has Fuel for Your Body Metabolism- is the sum of chemical processes that take place in your body. Metabolism requires energy and nutrients which it gets from carbs, fats and proteins.

Fuel for Your Body Energy in food is measured in Calories. Carbs.=4 calories per gram Proteins=4 calories per gram Fats=9 calories per gram

Carbs.-Sugars:Sweet &Simple Sugars are the simplest form of a carbohydrate Glucose-is a single unit of sugar that circulates in your blood and provides energy for your cells. Other Examples are: Fructose, Lactose, and Sucrose.

Carbs./Starches Starches are complex carbohydrates. They are made of many glucose units linked together such as potatoes, beans and grains. It’s recommended that 45% to 65% of the calories in your diet come from carbohydrates.

Carbs./Glycogen:Storage Carbs Glycogen is made in the body. It’s made of many glucose units linked together. It is stored in the muscle and liver. Glycogen can be broken down into glucose. If glycogen stores become full, the body is able to convert carbs. from the diet into fat.

Carbs./Fiber Made of many glucose units linked together Found in fruits and vegetables Cannot be digested by humans Needed for a healthy digestive system. Soluble and Insoluble Fiber

Fats Lipids-are a chemical compound that are fatty or oily substances that don’t dissolve in water. Fats are large molecules that are made up of two smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. 3 fatty acids linked to 1 glycerol=Triglyceride

Saturated Fats Are fats that are made up of saturated fatty acids. Saturated fat is the bad fat that can lead to obesity, increase cholesterol, and heart disease. Commonly found in ice cream whole milk, butter.

Unsaturated Fats Are fats that are made up of unsaturated fatty acids. Liquid at room temp. Commonly found in plants

Unsaturated fats that contain fatty acids. Monounsaturated Fats Unsaturated fats that contain fatty acids. Found in olive oil, peanut oil. Lower the risk of Heart Disease

Found in corn oil, sunflower oil Polyunsaturated Fats Found in corn oil, sunflower oil Omega-3 which is found in fish and seafood provide extra protection against heart disease.

Total fat intake for teens should be 25%-35% of total calorie intake. Fats Total fat intake for teens should be 25%-35% of total calorie intake. Limited amounts of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fat.

Cholesterol Another type of lipid. Needed to make Vitamin D, cell membranes, certain hormones, and bile. Your body makes cholesterol but you also get it from your diet.

Cholesterol Cont. LDL(Low Density Lipoprotein)-brings cholesterol to the body cells. If LDL levels get to high then deposits of plaque form on the walls of blood vessels. LDL=Bad Cholesterol

Cholesterol Cont. HDL(High Density Lipoprotein)-carries cholesterol back to the liver, where it is removed from the blood. HDL=Good Cholesterol High Levels reduces the risk of heart disease.

Cholesterol Cont. Cholesterol is only found in animal tissue Cholesterol is not found in plants.

Proteins A class of nutrients that are made up of amino acids, which are needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body. If you eat more protein than is needed, it can be stored as fat.

Proteins Cont. Amino Acids-linked together like beads on a necklace to make up each protein. There are 20 different amino acids 9 amino acids needed to make body protein can’t be made by our bodies.

Proteins Cont. The 9 amino acids are called essential amino acids and must be eaten in your diet. The other 11 amino acids can be made by the body and are called nonessential amino acids.

Proteins Cont. Animal proteins such as meat, eggs, and dairy products contain all the essential amino acids. Theses are called complete proteins. If you eat plants and animal foods than you can easily meet all of your amino acid needs. Its recommended that 10%-35% of total Calorie intake be from protein.