COVALENT BOND BOND FORMED BY THE SHARING OF ELECTRONS

COVALENT BOND Between nonmetallic elements Formed by sharing electron pairs Examples; O 2, CO 2, C 2 H 6, H 2 O,

Bonds in all the polyatomic ions and diatomics are all covalent bonds

WHEN ELECTRONS ARE SHARED EQUALLY NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDS H 2 or Cl 2

2. Covalent bonds- Two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons. Oxygen Atom Oxygen Molecule (O 2 ) Oxygen Molecule (O 2 )

WHEN ELECTRONS ARE SHARED BUT SHARED UNEQUALLY POLAR COVALENT BONDS H2OH2O

Polar Covalent Bonds: Unevenly matched, but willing to share.

- water is a polar molecule because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, and therefore electrons are pulled closer to oxygen.

ORGANIC AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

Organic compounds are covalently bonded molecules made of Carbon and most often Hydrogen (called hydrocarbons)

Carbon forms 4 bonds Alkanes have single bonds only Examples are propane & methane If arranged in a single row then called normal Alkanes can also branch or form rings

Alkane chemical formulas follow a pattern The # of hydrogens =the # of carbons x 2 +2 Alkenes have at least 1 double bond ex- ethene Alkynes have at least 1 triple bond

Alcohols have an –OH group Polymers are large molecules that have repeating subunits ex- cells of body, rubber, wood and plastic milk jugs