 Matter  Anything that has mass and takes up space  Made of atoms and molecules  All around you!  Can be found in four different states  “state” = phase in which any given type of matter can exist

 Three of the 4 states of represented in this picture  Can you name them? ▪ Solid (ice) ▪ Liquid (water) ▪ Gas (air)  What is the 4 th ? ▪ Plasma

 Properties of matter  Special qualities or characteristics used to define and describe matter  Two different types  Physical properties ▪ Can be observed with your five senses ▪ States of matter are physical properties  Chemical properties ▪ Require a chemical change

 Properties of a solid  Definite shape, definite volume, no compressibility (*impossible to squeeze into smaller volume) ▪ Sugar, bones, ice, iron Amorphous solid Crystalline solid

 Properties of a liquid  Indefinite shape, definite volume, low compressibility (*difficult to squeeze into smaller volume) ▪ Water, milk, blood  Viscosity ▪ Liquids resistance to flow  Surface tension ▪ Allows water to bead

 Properties of a gas  Indefinite shape, indefinite volume, high compressibility (*easy to squeeze into smaller volume) ▪ Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Helium

 Plasma resembles a gas but has properties gases do not  Properties of plasma:  Indefinite shape, indefinite volume (like a gas)  Conducts electricity, responds to magnetic field (unlike a gas)

 Definition:  Average kinetic energy of the particles in matter  Temperature change leads to phase change  Gases = high kinetic energy  Solids = low kinetic energy

 Two common scales  Fahrenheit (°F)  Celsius (°C)  SI scale for temperature is Kelvin

 Complete your Cornell Notes summary  What is matter?  What forms can it take?  How does matter change from state to state?

 There are two categories of matter:  Substance ▪ Matter that has a uniform and definite composition ▪ Examples: sugar (100% sucrose), water, oxygen gas, chlorine gas  Mixture ▪ Physical blend of two or more substances ▪ Lemonade, salt water, chicken noodle soup

 Two types of substances  Element ▪ A pure substance ▪ Cannot be broken down/separated into any other substances ▪ Examples: Iron, Hydrogen, Oxygen  Compound ▪ Substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined (requires a chemical reaction to take place) ▪ Can be broken down into simpler substances  Has to be chemically separated  Examples: H 2 O, C 6 H 12 O 6, CO 2

 All mixtures  Physical blends of two or more things  Can be physically separated  Two Categories of mixtures:  Heterogeneous  Homogeneous

 Heterogeneous mixtures  Vary in composition  Have two or more layers or phases ▪ Examples: chicken noodle soup, spaghetti, salad  Homogeneous mixtures  Same composition throughout  Have a single layer or phase ▪ Examples: air, stainless steel, lemonade

 Mixtures have different properties depending on particle size  Three types  1. Solution: Homogenous mixture with tiny particles. Example: salt water  2. Colloid: Homogenous mixture with medium particles. Example: Jello  3. Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture with large particles. Example: Italian dressing

 Substance or Mixture?