From gene to protein. DNA:nucleotides are the monomers Proteins: amino acids are the monomers DNA:in the nucleus Proteins:synthesized in cytoplasm.

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Transcription and Translation

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Presentation transcript:

From gene to protein

DNA:nucleotides are the monomers Proteins: amino acids are the monomers DNA:in the nucleus Proteins:synthesized in cytoplasm

DNA -mRNA-Protein = gene expression -central dogma of biology -a section of DNA's code (a gene) is copied (transcribed) onto mRNA. -mRNA carries the code to the ribosome where the code is translated, with the help of tRNA, into a sequence of amino acids (polypeptide)

-three bases on DNA = triplet -code for three bases on mRNA = codon -codes for one amino acid

- occurs in nucleus - purposes is to produce a copy of DNA called messenger RNA which carries genetic information to the cytoplasm.

-One strand of DNA acts as template - RNA polymerase binds to promoter region which includes the initiation site on a section of DNA (gene)

- RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand unwinding and unzipping, separating the strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds. - the mRNA strand grows. It is complementary to the DNA template

- transcription continues until a termination site is reached -mRNA strand is released

Watch video clip: Complete questions in notes and go over

- triplet = 3 bases on DNA - codon= 3 bases on mRNA - codes for a specific amino acid. One of twenty possible amino acids. Redundancy built into system. 64 possible codons - universal code since it used by all organisms -stop and complete questions/ go over

- purpose is to translate info on mRNA into a chain of amino acids that fold into a functional protein. - one gene codes for one protein

- ribosomes have two subunits made up of protein and RNA - site of attachment of mRNA and tRNA -site of protein synthesis

- a folded strand of RNA with a site for amino acid to attach at one end. - the other end has three bases exposed which complement with an mRNA codon - called an anticodon

- initiation - elongation - termination

- mRNA attaches to small ribosomal subunit - start codon AUG - tRNA carrying amino acid methionine pairs with codon AUG (anticodon UAC on tRNA) - large ribosomal subunit sandwiches mRNA -2 codon sites on ribosome "P" & "A" - "P" site occupied, "A" site empty

- a second tRNA with an anticodon moves into the "P" site - covalent peptide bond forms between a.a of "A" site and a.a of "P" site. -"P" site tRNA breaks away to get another a.a - ribosomal complex shifts along mRNA to next codon. Process continues, polypeptide grows

- elongation continues until a "stop" codon is reached - UAA, UAG, UGA - release factor ( a special protein) binds to the A site. - the polypeptide is released and the ribosome separates into the large and small subunits

Protein synthesis Video Complete questions 1-3