Plate Tectonics Revision

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Presentation transcript:

Plate Tectonics Revision 6th year Geography

Learning Outcome Revise Core Book Chapters 1 – 3 Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Volcanoes Examine the exam questions on these topics

Theory of Plate Tectonics Earths plates move Landforms result

Tectonic Cycle Continuous destruction and formation of the earth’s crust at plate boundaries.

Theory of Plate Tectonics Wegener 1912 Continental Drift Hess Sea Floor Spreading

Destructive Plate Boundaries Collision of plates Subduction Volcanoes Eg; Mount Saint Helens Fold Mountains Eg; Alps Earthquakes Eg; Kobe

Constructive Plate Boundaries Plates separate Rift Valley Eg; African Rift Valley Mid Ocean Ridges Eg; Mid Atlantic Ridge

Conservative Plate Boundaries Plates slide past each other Earthquakes Eg; Haiti 2010 Transform fault Eg; San Andreas Fault

Exam Questions – Plate Tectonics Explain how the theory of plate tectonics has aided our understanding of the occurrence of volcanic activity. ‘Plate boundaries are zones where crust is both created and destroyed.’ Examine the above statement with reference to examples you have studied.

Earthquakes Focus Tremor Epicentre

Measuring Earthquakes Seismographs (record earthquake waves) Richter Scale (energy / magnitude) Modified Mercalli Scale (damage seen)

Effects Short Term Long Term Death Destruction Tsunamis Fire Homelessness Migration Disease Economic slowdown

Case Study South East Asian Earthquake and Tsunami December 2004 9.0 Richter Scale Indian Plate slid beneath Burma Plate Affected 11 countries 320,000 deaths 1.5 million people displaced

Exam Questions - Earthquakes Examine how earthquakes are measured and may be predicted. Describe and explain an earthquake that you have studied under the following headings; Plates involved What caused the earthquake Long & Short Term Effects Recovery

Volcanoes

Volcanoes occur at... Mid-Ocean Ridges (Constructive Plate Boundaries) Subduction Zones (Destructive Plate Boundaries) Hotspots

Products of Volcanic Eruptions Lava Pyroclasts Poisonous gases Ash, pumice, dust Water vapour

Volcanic Landforms External Internal Lava Plateau Volcanic cones Craters Calderas Volcanic plugs Batholiths Sills Dykes Laccoliths Lopoliths

Effects of Volcanoes Positive Negative New land (Iceland) Geothermal energy Fertile soil Tourism Lava flows destroy and kill Lahars destroy and kill Poisonous gases harm health and kill Ash can disrupt air travel

Case Study Soufriere Hills, Montserrat, Carribbean. Dormant for 300 years Active since 1995 June 1997- 9 people killed, 100 homes destroyed. Pyroclastic flow 160 kmph 24 hour monitoring- Montserrat Volcano Observatory

Exam Questions Explain with the aid of an example you have studied why volcanic activity happens at plate margins. Explain how the study of plate tectonics has helped us to understand the global distribution of volcanoes. Volcanoes can have both positive and negative effects. Examine the effects of a volcano that you have studied.