Greek & Roman Gods & Goddesses. Mount Olympus Jupiter Zeus -“King” of gods - God of sky & weather - Name related to “deus” and “dies” -“Jupiter Optimus.

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Presentation transcript:

Greek & Roman Gods & Goddesses

Mount Olympus

Jupiter Zeus -“King” of gods - God of sky & weather - Name related to “deus” and “dies” -“Jupiter Optimus Maximus;” “Jove” - Many love affairs - Thunderbolt & scepter

Bronze “Zeus- Poseidon” 5 th c.

Hera Juno -Wife & sister of Zeus - Goddess of women & childbirth - Jealousy -Seen with scepter

Athena Minerva -Goddess of civilization: wisdom, weaving, crafts - Born out of Zeus’ head -Seen with helmet, aegis (breastplate) & owl

Roman copy of Greek original

Venus Aphrodite Born from sea-foam Goddess of beauty & love Married to Hephaestos/Vulcan but unfaithful Mother of Aeneas Seen with seashells, dolphins

Roman fresco from Pompeii, 1 st c. AD

Ares Mars -God of (savage) war / bloodlust - Originally god of agriculture -Protected city of Rome -Father of Romulus & Remus -Seen with armor

Ludovisi Ares Roman copy of Greek original

Hephaestus Vulcan -God of fire, volcanoes, blacksmiths/craftsmen -Crippled (clubfoot) - Patron of alchemists in Renaissance

Roman bronze, 1 st c.

Apollo -God of medicine, music, sun -Spoke through oracle at Delphi -Leader of the Muses -Son of Leto and Jupiter -Seen with lyre, bow, tripod, laurel

4 th c. BC Apollo Belvedere

Artemis Diana -Goddess of hunt -Virgin -Sister of Apollo -Worshipped at Ephesus most of all -Seen with deer

Artemis of the Ephesians

Poseidon Neptune -God of sea, horses and earthquakes -Seen with trident

Dionysus Bacchus Liber -God of wine, theater, agriculture, peace -Shown with leopard skin & thyrsus (pinecone on stick) -Female followers (maenads/bacchantes)

Michelangelo’s Bacchus, 1497

Hermes Mercury -God of boundaries, travellers, shepherds, athletics, commerce, trade, thieves & liars - Messenger of gods, escorts dead to underworld - Seen with hat, winged shoes, herald’s staff (caduceus)

Hermes of Praxiteles, 4 th c. BC

17 th c. Flemish Giambologna, 15 th c. Italian

Demeter Ceres -Goddess of grain, harvest, fertility -Mother of Persephone (who had to marry Hades and spend ½ of each year in Underworld) -Honored by Eleusinian Mysteries

Hestia Vesta -Goddess of hearth & home -Much more important to Romans that to Greeks -Served by Vestal Virgins in Rome

Hades Pluto -Underworld -Not important for Romans

Lararium – the Lares