MUSICAL PERIODS.

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Presentation transcript:

MUSICAL PERIODS

Baroque Period 1600-1750 GERMANY, ITALY, ENGLAND, FRANCE Bach - keyboard music, suites, cantatas Handel - oratorios, operas, suites Vivaldi - concertos (many for violin)

Baroque Period TITLE: Hallelujah Chorus, from Messiah (1741) COMPOSER: George Frederick Handel GENRE: oratorio INSTR: soloists, chorus & orchestra NOTES: - oratorio is a large musical work consisting of solos, duets, choruses - unlike operas, they are not staged or acted, and often deal with sacred topics

Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: many new forms, including: • concerto (features usually 1 instrument w/ orch) • opera (large-scale work for singers & orch) • oratorio (like opera, but sacred and no costumes or acting) • cantata (like oratorio, usually for special occasion) • sonata (instrumental work; usually 3-4 parts) • fugue (highly polyphonic instrumental work) • suite (large-scale work for orchestra)

Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS INSTRUMENTS: • rise of instrumental music (voice still very common, but instruments become more popular; orchestra begins to form) • strings, harpsichord, voice, organ, flute, oboe, french horn, timpani

ELEMENTS AND FEATURES: Baroque Period CHARACTERISTICS ELEMENTS AND FEATURES: • polyphonic texture • religious music still very prominent (cantatas..) • binary forms predominate • terraced dynamics (no < >) • improvisation (instrumentalists would be expected to add their own interpretation) • ornamentation (trills...) used a great deal (as a way to make the melody more intricate or fancy)

1750-1825 GERMANY/AUSTRIA, FRANCE, ITALY Haydn (1723-1809) Classical Period 1750-1825 GERMANY/AUSTRIA, FRANCE, ITALY Haydn (1723-1809) 104 symphonies; string quartets Mozart (1756-1791) 41 symphonies; operas; piano works Beethoven (1770-1827) 9 symphonies; piano sonatas

TITLE: Voi Che Sapete, from Marriage of Figaro (1786) Classical Period TITLE: Voi Che Sapete, from Marriage of Figaro (1786) COMPOSER: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart GENRE: operatic aria INSTR: soprano & orchestra NOTES: - translates to ‘You who know (what love is)’ - arias (as opposed to recitatives) are more melodic and emotional; here, sung by the page (Cherubino), he describes his love for the Countess - opera buffa (comic opera)

CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: • symphony • string quartet • sonata Classical Period CHARACTERISTICS FORMS: • symphony • string quartet • sonata • theme & variations • rondo (ABACA) • minuet • opera (Mozart)

add trumpet, clarinet, trombone Classical Period CHARACTERISTICS INSTRUMENTS: • to the orchestra: add trumpet, clarinet, trombone

ELEMENTS AND FEATURES: Classical Period CHARACTERISTICS ELEMENTS AND FEATURES: • highly structured • homophonic texture • consonance • aristocratic audience • secular music • ternary forms • dynamics: < and >