Amphibians, Reptiles & Birds

Amphibia (frogs, salamanders, newts) The First vertebrates to colonize land Evolved from the Lobe-Finned Fish Have lungs that allow them to breathe air instead of water Limited to damp environments

Adaptations to Land Fins became strengthened to allow terrestrial locomotion Appearance of lungs, allowing them to breathe air Skin permeable to water, allowing some gas exchange underwater. They can also breathe through it. Have a three - chambered heart

Metamorphosis Characterized by metamorphosis, where the animal change its shape during its different life stages. –Stage 1: Larvae (Aquatic: A-D) –Stage 2: Adult (Semi-Aquatic: E-F)

Reproduction Reproduce via external fertilization and egg gestation, both requiring water.

Reptilia Evolved from Amphibians Includes extinct Dinosaurs, and living lizards, snakes, turtles and crocodiles. Adapted to terrestrial land by having dry scales on their skin, and highly-developed lungs

Reptile Circulation Reptiles have an advanced 4-chambered heart Mostly ectothermic, meaning their body temperature is determined by their external environment.

Reptile Reproduction Reproduce by internal fertilization Oviparous –lay eggs with soft water-resistant shells that do not require external water for development –embryo protected by the amniotic membrane

Aves (Birds – or ARE they?.....) Believed to have evolved from the Dinosaurs Adapted for flight Bird feather may be a type of adapted reptile scale

Flight Adaptations Feathers attached to their skin Bones are very light and honey-combed in structure

Other Adaptations Endothermic (control their own internal temperature) Have a 4-chambered heart (like reptiles & mammals) Have a Beak instead of teeth Reproduce by internal fertilization and are oviparous (eggs have hard, water-resistant shell)