Warm Up Match the following animals with their correct animal group: Animals: snake, squirrel, toad, eagle, rockfish Phylum: amphibian, bird, fish, mammal, reptile

Vertebrates Vertebrates are animals with a backbone Body temperature » Endotherms – are able to maintain their body temperature (warm blooded) » Ectotherms – are not able to maintain their body temperature (cold blooded)

Fishy Fish characteristics: – Fins – to propel, balance, and steer – Gills – an organ which removes oxygen from water (used for breathing) – Scales – protect the bodies of fish – Most reproduce externally – female lays eggs which are then fertilized by the male – Most are ectotherms (cold- blooded) – 3 Fish Types-cartilaginous, bony, and jawless

Jawless – That’s right…. no jaws – Includes hagfish and lampreys – They eat dead fish or live as parasites Cartilaginous – Skeleton is not bone – it is soft - cartilage – Includes sharks, rays, skates – Excellent hunters – Must constantly swim

Bony Fish – These are most of the fish – 95% of all fish – Contain a “swim bladder”. Helps them maintain buoyancy. – Skeleton of bone

Amphibians – “double life” Animals which can live on land and in water. They have lungs for breathing Eggs must stay moist. Hatch in water. Ectotherms (cold blooded) – water helps maintain temperature. Skin – is very thin. – They can absorb water through it….. And lose water through it. – Some absorb oxygen through skin – Some have poisons in skin Different forms for young and adults – Metamorphosis – a change in form from juvenile to adult

Amphibians – “double life ” Salamanders – Live in woods – Much like prehistoric amphibians Frogs and Toads – Make up 90% of all amphibians – Well adapted for land – strong legs, good ears, and strong vocal cords

Reptiles All have lungs Water tight skin – helps prevent dehydration. Skin very thick. Body temperature – Ectotherms (cold-blooded) – Active when it is warm, less active when cold.

Reptiles- alligators, crocodiles, tortoises, turtles, snakes, and lizards Eggs – have an amniotic egg – Hard shell – to protect and keep moisture inside – Large yolk- to nourish embryo – (Eggs can be laid under rocks, in the ground, in the desert)

Turtles and Tortoises – Turtles live in water (mostly) – Tortoises live on land. – Both lay eggs on land. Crocodiles and Alligators – Live in water. Ferocious hunters. – Crocs – narrow head, pointed snout – Gators - broad head, round snout

Snakes and Lizards

Birds Endotherms (warm-blooded) Feathers around their body, scales on their feet. – Down – fluffy feathers, trap heat – Contour – stiff feathers, provide shape and help flying – Molting – shedding of old feathers Lay eggs

Birds High energy – – Fast digestion; some birds eat constantly. – Efficient respiration Flying adaptations – Large eyes – see far distance – Rapid heart beat – to provide oxygen – Wing shape – Muscles – strong for flying – Hollow bones – Rigid skeleton – strong structure 4 Types of birds- flightless, water, prey, and perching (song)

Flightless birds Water birds Perching birds (song birds) Birds of Prey

Mammals Specialized teeth – enables mammals to eat different types of food Endotherms (warm-blooded) – Hair (or fur) helps trap heat – Fat – also helps insulate Produce and provide milk for young. Have lungs and a diaphragm to breath air. Sexual reproduction – give birth to live young Large brains

Placental mammals - young develop inside the mother’s body – Anteaters, moles, rodents, rabbits, bats, carnivores, trunk nosed mammals, hoofed mammals, cetaceans (dolphins), primates Monotremes – lays eggs – Echidnas (pg 112) and platypus Marsupials – give birth but young develop in pouch – Opossum, koalas, kangaroos

Create/fill in a concept map which shows the relationship between cold blooded vertebrates – Include these terms: reptiles, fish, amphibians, turtle ectotherms/cold blooded, alligator, frog, shark, metamorphosis, thick skin, gills, shell

Create/ fill in a concept map which shows the relationship between warm blooded vertebrates. – Include these terms: birds, mammals, milk, feathers, hair, monotremes, marsupials, placental mammals, platypus, endotherms/ warm-blooded, pouch, eggs, kangaroo, eagle, horse