ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Task Analysis Tools

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Risk Factors Ergonomic Body Divisions Review the Basics

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Force Frequency Posture Duration Contact Stress Environment Vibration Risk Factors

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Upper Extremity Lower Extremity Trunk Ergonomic Body Division

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Use OSHA 200/300 logs Accident Reports Workman’s Compensation info Employee Surveys Visual Cues Recognizing a WMSD Problem

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Body Part Discomfort Form and Rating Scale

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS A narrative, quantitative and/or checklist system that provides a standardized evaluation of a job/task Tools based on biomechanical and physiological information compiled and calculated providing a relative risk of injury probability Can be specific for body region and/or risk factors What is a Task Analysis Tool

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Provide guidance Where to begin corrective actions Helps direct efforts toward specific body division, risk factors Involve employees Employees can perform assessments Provide a level of measurement Shows improvement of tasks Baseline data Why do we need these tools?

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Two criteria for use: What are you trying to find out? General vs. Specific information What limitations must be considered? Various tools are only able to assess specific body regions How do we use them?

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Checklists Easy to use Less time consuming Minimal training Very sensitive: One check, task must be considered Types of Analysis Tools

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Types of Analysis Tools Quantitative Less sensitive More specific training Provide a relative risk assessment

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Types of Analysis Tools Narrative More formal training and experience required Provides specific areas for improvement Very time consuming

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Washington State Checklist (WISHA) NIOSH University of Michigan Checklists

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Checklist system that identifies “caution or hazard zone jobs” Incorporates each of the risk factors including vibration and contact stress Has separate evaluation for heavy, frequent or awkward lifting Uses verbal cues to guide user through evaluation criteria Not generally left or right side independent WISHA

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Does address combination of risk factors Great “first cut” ergonomic tool Draw Backs High sensitivity: identify many jobs Doesn’t separate frequency component by body part WISHA

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS 3 basic sections Entire body checklist Lifting hazard section Vibration hazard analysis Entire body checklist Identify if a particular hazard exist as a result of a risk factor for a body part If a hazard exists then corrective action is needed Using WISHA

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Lifting hazard analysis Calculated weight limit is adjusted by: Compares the actual weight lifted to a calculated weight limit Actual weight lifted > Weight limit = Hazard exists Using WISHA

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Vibration hazard analysis Compares the time an employee uses the machine to a pre-measured vibration value Plot time vs. vibration data on graph Intersection point indicates degree of hazard Vibration data: Using WISHA

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

Job Strain Index Rapid Upper Limb Assessment ACGIH Threshold Limit Value – HAL Rapid Entire Body Assessment Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis Snook Push/Pull Hazard Tables Quantitative Tools

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Only evaluates hand, wrist and elbow (distal upper extremity) Assess task based on posture, frequency and force FORCE driven Doesn’t consider vibration or contact stress Index based on a relative risk (1-1053) 7 considered hazardous Job Strain Index

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Can assess right and left sides independently as well as worst case Used in meat packing, small part assembly, keyboarding and other highly repetitive hand motions Job Strain Index

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Intensity of exertions (force) Duration of Exertion (% cycle) Efforts per minute Hand/wrist posture Speed of work Duration of task per day Strain Index Elements

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Assign a value for each of the 6 elements Multiply each element = strain index Compare calculated value to decision threshold provided Decision Threshold <3 safe 3-5 uncertain 5-7 some risk >7 hazardous Using the Job Strain Index

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

JHA/Work Methods

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Videotaping Tips Announce the name of the job on the tape Tape 5 to 10 minutes for each task At least 3-4 cycles Start with whole body shots and then zoom in on problems areas Try different angles to get the best shot JHA/Work Methods

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Step 1: Breaking The Job Down List each step in order of occurrence Be sure to record enough information Can use Gilbreth’s terms to describe steps Can use video or photos JHA/Work Methods

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Search Select Grasp Reach Move Hold Position Inspect Assemble Disassemble Use Unavoidable Delay Avoidable Delay Plan Rest to overcome fatigue Gilbreth’s Table of Work Elements JHA/Work Methods

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Step 2: Identify the Hazards Look for Risk Factors in each job Repeat the job observation until all hazards identified Video and photos can be especially helpful Consider abnormal activities and conditions JHA/Work Methods

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS Step 3: New Procedure or Protection Can the job be performed in another way? Can you make physical changes to the job? Does the job have to be performed? Can it be done less often? JHA/Work Methods

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS

What does the worker need to know from this presentation?