cliff. johns college of architecture and landscape architecture energy design conservation June 23, 2015 s u s t a i n a b l e. h o u s i n g 1 best practices : the right tools for the times

2 s u s t a i n a b l e. h o u s i n g

3 sustainability

4 “… our buildings need to be sustainable”

5 “… our buildings needs to have g r a v i t y”

6 sustainability has always been among indigenous nations

7 respect for our natural environment

8 natural law

Indigenous Architecture 9

Today... 10

11 Fengi Shui Wood Fire Earth Metal Water 11 Natural Law Diné Epistemology Earth Fire Air Water (Dine’ Natural Law(Eastern Philosophy)

12 tools sustainable design practices building retrofits HED the focus our impact tribal housing o v e r v i e w

13 Why sustainable energy design approach? introduction Addressing issues of climate and microclimate designs Reducing CO 2 Gas Emissions Appropriating better material & methods Passive solar design Achieving human thermal comfort

14 the focus current conditions Tribal Housing – Navajo Nation Poor conditions Building materials deterioration Unbalanced HVAC systems Poor constructability = poor building performance

15 ( Times photo - Paul Natonabah) Typical Tribal Housing Standards Federal Standards: R-30 = ceilings R-15 = walls Design Climate Zone Standards: R-38 = ceilings R-20 = walls tribal housing the focus Climate zone 1

Problem Statement 16 Climatic Zone:5 Location:Winslow, AZ Unit SF:1,620 SF

17 Model Rendering: By Cliff Johns Living Kitche n BR 1 BR 2 BR 3 Bath DiningSto Carpo rt Entry Patio Problems: Small Kitchen Small Bedrooms Overcrowding Small Dining Area Tribal Housing

Psychrometric Chart 18 Climate Region: Wiinslow, AZ Dry Bulb Temperature MaxMin SummerJun9155 Jul9563 Aug9155 WinterDec4620 Jan5318 Feb6024 Relative Humidty MaxMin SummerJun5538 Jul6456 Aug6560 WinterDec7570 Jan7469 Feb6861

19 Summer Months:JuneJulyAugust Design Strategies: Passive Solar Heating Passive Solar Heating High Mass Cooling High Mass Cooling High mass Cooling w/ High mass Cooling w/ Ventilation Ventilation Natural Ventilation Natural Ventilation Evaporative Cooling Evaporative Cooling Psychrometric Chart

20 Winter Months:DecemberJanuaryFebruary Design Strategies: Active Solar Active Solar Conventional heating Conventional heating Passive Solar Heating Passive Solar Heating Humidification Humidification Psychrometric Chart

21 Energy-10 Code Analysis

22 Energy Code Analysis

23 tools sustainable design practices building retrofits HED

24 technical sustainable design practices Photo: Richard K. Begay Courtesy: Benally House DesignBuildBLUFF materials & methods

25 indigenous architecture & materials sustainable design practices

26 energy design strategies thermal mass building orientation passive solar shading natural ventilation

27 thermal mass design strategies design strategies to consider for thermal mass Courtesy: DesignBLUFF

28 building orientation Orient housing to south, rather than streets design strategies Rendering: Cliff Johns- Solar angle study 2011 summer winter

29 shade studies June 9AMJune 1PMJune 4PM Dec 9AMDec 1PMDec 4PM WINTER SOLISTICE SUMMER SOLISTICE design strategies Rendering: Cliff Johns – Sunset Knowledge Center Dec 2011 Design

30 passive solar Rooftop PV panelsRooftop PV panels with greenroof Rendering: Cliff Johns – Sunset Knowledge Center Dec 2011 DesignRendering: Cliff Johns – Leading Edge Design Competition- April 2012 design strategies

31 shading Rendering by: Cliff Johns – Leading Edge Competition 2012 Courtesy: I’-Sah-Din-Di Housing Development- Mescalero, NM design strategies

32 natural ventilation Rendering by: Cliff Johns – Sunset Knowledge Center Sustainable Community- Tucson AZ Sketches by: Cliff Johns – Natural Ventilation: When Buildings Meet Plaza design strategies

33 energy design strategies thermal mass building orientation passive solar shading natural ventilation Reduction of Energy consumption Energy cost savings Thermal comfort Reduction of (CO 2 ) Greenhouse gas emissions Integration into natural environment in summary

34 research Energy Retrofit Design Approach

35 Gottfried residence: energy efficiency analysis The “House Energy Doctor” is the ongoing community outreach arm of the post professional Master of Science in Architecture (MS-ARCH) graduate degree program at the University of Arizona. Established in 1986 this program has been serving the community for twenty-five years The students utilize advanced technological equipment to analyze existing residences for their energy performance in an effort to educate owners, and the community at large, on how to conserve energy in their own homes Computer simulations are then developed, using Energy-10 software, to study a variety of energy and cost saving strategies for the homeowner. building retrofits for existing homes HED – House Energy Doctor

36 building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ research HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona

37 HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona research Basic infiltration and leaks through windows and doors Leaks through the masonry brick walls building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ

38 research HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona Exposed rooftop ducts and HVAC unit.Direct heat gain from sun exposure building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ

39 research HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona

40 research HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ Energy-10 Calcs

41 research HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ Energy-10 Calcs

42 research HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ Achieving Net-Zero

43 research HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona Code compliance Before (baseline ) ASHRAE LEED Platinum Pre-Code Gottfried Residence Net-Zero building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ

44 summary HED – House Energy Doctor University of Arizona building retrofits for existing homes Gottfried Residence- Tucson AZ Gottfried Residence Energy Consumption (kBtu/ft 2 ) Energy Costs $ (Per Year) Energy Costs $ (Per Month) CO 2 Emissions (tons) Baseline (Before)64,231$1854 / year$155 / mo.20,715 lbs/CO 2 = 10 tons Combined Strategies42,334$1065 / year$89 / mo.11,975 lbs/CO 2 = 5 tons Savings66%57% 58%

45 t h a n k. y o u Contact information: Cliff Johns