Water treatment/purification options for El Salvador project

Overview of the different techniques Great overview of the different methods used currently (Also includes a TED video of Life saver bottles) Water purification methods for developing countries Talks about chlorine, iodine, bromine for water treatment along with reverse osmosis, lifesaver bottles and lifestraws

Filtration/purification at the tap Ceramic filter at the tap Ceramic filters in Cambodia - Field report Bio-sand filter How it works Moringa Oleifera seeds

Lifesaver jerrycan

Aquatabs Could be used as a point of use or community based Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) 30 minute treatment time No or minimal chlorine taste

P&G – Purifier of water sachet Point of use disinfectant Calcium hypochlorite and ferric sulfate 30 minute treatment time Chlorine taste dissipates after a few hours Standard operating procedure -

SE200 Point of use or community based Concept based on electrochlorination Eliminates the dependency on supply chain  

Bio-sand filter Micro-organisms in the bio-layer eat many of the pathogens Upto 36L/h of clean drinking water Biological layer takes 3 weeks to mature CAWST carried out water analyses of 107 long term Biosand filter users in Haiti in 2005 and found average removal effectiveness of 98.5% (measuring E. coli, the indicator bacteria recommended by the WHO)

Cost-benefit analysis Weightage (%) Chlorine tablets* Aquatabs P&G PUR sachet SE200 Lifesaver jerry can Bio-sand filter Cost 25 1 3 2 4 Accessibility / Supply chain 10 Feasibility Complexity / Ease of use Acceptance 15 Effectiveness 5 Ranking 1 – Best 5 - Worst *Chlorine tablets at community level

Definitions Cost – Cost of purifying water per person Accessibility – Are the raw materials readily available Feasibility – Is the process feasible for the community Acceptance – Will people adopt the process Effectiveness – Is the process effective in providing clean water to the families