Oil Shale Technology By: Justin Borchardt. What is oil shale?  Oil shale does not contain oil or made of shale  Instead, it is deposits of kerogen within.

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Presentation transcript:

Oil Shale Technology By: Justin Borchardt

What is oil shale?  Oil shale does not contain oil or made of shale  Instead, it is deposits of kerogen within sedimentary rock  Kerogen is the product of the first stage of organic matter’s transformation to petroleum

U.S. Reserves  ~75% of World’s recoverable oil shale resources  Green River Basin alone contains an estimated 1.8 trillion bbls of recoverable oil  5-50 gals of oil per ton of shale 3

Oil Shale History Boom  1915 – Rumors of petroleum sources running dry  1940s – Increase of petroleum demand from WWII  1970s – Energy Crisis’  2000s – Increase in oil prices Bust  1920s – West Texas oil fields discovered  1940s and 50s – Middle East oil discoveries  1980s – OPEC dropped prices  ?

Shell In-Situ Retorting  Holes Drilled  Water Removed  Shale is heated and Oil and Gas recovered  Water is replaced 3

Crude Shale Oil to Synthetic Crude  Sulfur and Nitrogen must be removed  Hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and delayed coking Crude Shale Oil Crude Petroleum C/H Ratio 1.6~1.25 Nitrogen2%<.5% Sulfur10%1-3%

Improved In-Situ Technologies: Shell  Holes Drilled around perimeter  Coolant Pumped and “Freeze Wall” created  Prevents Leaching  Increased Costs? 2

Improved In-Situ Technologies: EGL Resources  Horizontal Drilling beneath the shale  Super-Heated Steam or High Temperature Heat Transfer Liquid  Coiled Tubing increases recovery to 2/3 to 3/4 oil 1

Environmental Concerns  Heavy Energy use and production of more greenhouse gases  Groundwater Contamination  Production of SOx and NOx  Socioeconomic Strains

Economics  Heating Costs: $12-$15/bbl  Upgrading Costs: $6-$15/bbl  Competitive with oil at prices of $30- $40/bbl

Outlook  Relatively underdeveloped technology  Current Pilot Plants are being run  Full production is still years away  Oil Prices must remain higher than $40/bbl

References 1. E.G.L. Resources, Inc: Oil Shale Division. 11 Nov “Freeze Wall Test.” Shell Mahogany Research Project. Feb Nov Bartis, James T, et al. Oil Shale Development in the United States. RAND. 11 Nov

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