BIOL 3340 Chapter 3

Chapter 4 Microbial Cell Structure Eucaryotes

Eucaryotic Cell Structure membrane-delimited nuclei membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions more structurally complex than procaryotic cell generally larger than procaryotic cell

Size, Shape, and Arrangement of Eucaryotes

Yeast cell and Protozoan cell

Functions of the cell organelles

Eucaryotic Membranes ). Includes: animal & plant cells, fungi & protists (protozoa & algae).fungi protists Have a true nucleus with DNA Have a true nucleus with DNA DNA is enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus membrane-enclosed cell organelles

…Eucaryotic Membranes the fluid mosaic model is based on eucaryotic membranes They are enriched with lipids and proteins They participate in a variety of cell processes such as cell movement and transduction

Cell Structure of Eucaryotes- animal cell

Plant Cell Cell Structure of Eucaryotes- Plant Cell

…Eucaryotic membrane

Cytoplasm Many organelles of eucaryotic cells lie in the cytoplasmic matrix The cytoplasmic matrix -vast network of interconnected filaments. Filaments that form the cytoskeleton: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. plays role in both cell shape and cell movement

..Cytoplasmic Matrix Viscous aqueous suspension of proteins, nucleic acid, dissolved organic compounds, mineral salts Network of protein fibers similar to the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies: granules of organic or inorganic material that are stockpiled by the cell for future use. some are enclosed by a single- layered membrane

Microfilaments minute protein filaments, 4 to 7 nm in diameter scattered within cytoplasmic matrix or organized into networks and parallel arrays composed of actin protein involved in cell motion and shape changes

Microtubules shaped like thin cylinders ~ 25 nm in diameter composed of  - and  -tubulin help maintain cell shape involved with microfilaments in cell movements participate in intracellular transport processes

…The Endoplasmic Reticulum irregular network of branching and fusing membranous tubules and flattened sacs (cisternae – s., cisterna). rough ER ribosomes attached synthesis of secreted proteins by ER-associated ribosomes smooth ER devoid of ribosomes synthesis of lipids by ER-associated enzymes

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

…The Endoplasmic Reticulum The ribosomes -sites of synthesis of some proteins that it transports transports proteins, lipids, and other materials within cell. Ribosomes in the eukaryotic cytoplasm are larger than prokaryotic ribosomes Ribosomes are also found within mitochondria and chloroplasts; the ribosomes of these organelles are very similar in structure & size to prokaryotic ribosomes

Mitochondria site where ATP is generated by electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

..Mitochondria

Chloroplasts site of photosynthetic reactions

Nucleus Nucleus: membrane-bound structure that houses genetic material of eucaryotic cell Chromatin dense fibrous material within nucleus contains DNA condenses to form chromosomes during cell division

…Nucleus Nuclear envelope: double membrane structure that delimits nucleus penetrated by nuclear pores pores allow materials to be transported into or out of nucleus Nucleolus: important in ribosome synthesis

Other cell inclusions Golgi bodies- involved in modification, packaging, and secretion of materials Lysosomes- membrane-bound vesicles found in most eucaryotes involved in intracellular digestion Vacuoles-transport system

Reproduction Eucaryotes: asexual reproduction transverse fission budding spore production sexual reproduction involves union of compatible nuclei followed by formation of sexual spores

Bibliography d d d d o3340/home.html o3340/home.html o3340/home.html o3340/home.html Lecture PowerPoints Prescott’s Principles of Microbiology-Mc Graw Hill Co. Lecture PowerPoints Prescott’s Principles of Microbiology-Mc Graw Hill Co. mages;_ylt=A0geu_aaKX5JiBkAeUBXNyoA ?ei=UTF- 8&p=rough%20endoplasmic%20reticulum &fr2=tab-web&fr=yfp-t-501-s mages;_ylt=A0geu_aaKX5JiBkAeUBXNyoA ?ei=UTF- 8&p=rough%20endoplasmic%20reticulum &fr2=tab-web&fr=yfp-t-501-s mages;_ylt=A0geu_aaKX5JiBkAeUBXNyoA ?ei=UTF- 8&p=rough%20endoplasmic%20reticulum &fr2=tab-web&fr=yfp-t-501-s mages;_ylt=A0geu_aaKX5JiBkAeUBXNyoA ?ei=UTF- 8&p=rough%20endoplasmic%20reticulum &fr2=tab-web&fr=yfp-t-501-s