10-1: Intro to Plant Reproduction 10-2: Seedless Reproduction 10-3: Seed Reproduction Plant Reproduction

10-1: Intro to Plant Reproduction Plants reproduce like all other organisms Plants can reproduce in two different ways

Asexual Reproduction offspring DNA same as parent Sexualoffspring DNA combination of parent’s DNA Reproduction AsexualSexual Offspring DNA same as parent Offspring combo of parents’ DNA

Asexual Reproduction entire plants can grow from just a leaf or a portion of the stem or root potatoes can reproduce asexually

Sexual Reproduction there are some differences in the way it occurs between plants and animals fertilization joining of egg and sperm to produce the zygote How do the sperm and egg get together in plants? some plants use water or wind others use animals

Reproductive Organs plants have reproductive organs like animals female reproductive organs produce _______________ male reproductive organs produce _________________ Plants can have only male or female organs Some plants have both male and female organs eggs sperm

Plant Life Cycles time it takes to go from a seed to a mature plant plants have two stages in their life cycles Gametophyte stage begins when sporophyte undergoes meiosis and produces spores spores then become new gametophyte (male or female plant) Sporophyte stage begins when fertilization produces a zygote

SporophyteGametophyte Meiosis Fertilization Diploid 2n Haploid n Spores Sex Cells

Question 1 _________________________ is the joining of egg and sperm to produce a zygote. Question 2 _____________________ reproduction results in the organism producing an offspring genetically identical to it. Question 3 The _________________________ stage of the plant life cycle begins with meiosis. Fertilization Asexual gametophyte

10-2: Seedless Reproduction Plants that don’t produce seeds reproduce by _____________ Examples include ________________ Sporophyte stage makes a spore case that holds all the spores It bursts open releasing spores

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are all ________________________ plants Sporophyte stage is extremely small Life cycle alternates between sporophyte and gametophyte stage

Moss Life Cycle 1. Spore grows into gametophyte plant either male or female 2. Gametophytes make sex cells _________________ or ______________ 3. Sex cells combine called _________________________ 4. Produces sporophyte houses spores

Moss Life Cycle

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts can also reproduce asexually

Ferns have vascular tissue but reproduce by ____________________ Fern leaves are called _____________ grow from underground stem called rhizome

Fern spores are produced in sori found on back of fronds

Once the spore lands, it grows into the ____________________ In ferns the gametophyte is called the prothallus Prothallus Archegonium Antheridium

Ferns can reproduce asexually by splitting the rhizome

Question 1 _________________________ plants do not have structures that transport water and substances throughout the plant. Question 2 An underground stem is called a ________________. Question 3 Seedless plants reproduce by forming __________________.

10-3: Seed Reproduction Seed plants include ___________________ and ______________________ These plants reproduce by pollen and seeds

Pollen In seed plants, some spores develop into small structures called pollen grains water-resistant plant structure that contains gametophyte parts that can produce sperm

Sperm are carried by gravity, wind, water, or animals Transfer of pollen grains to female is called _________________

Once the pollen grain reaches the female, a pollen tube is formed Sperm moves through the tube to the egg for fertilization

Seeds After fertilization, a seed is formed A seed consists of: ________________________ The stored food provides energy for the embryo when it starts growing

Gymnosperm Reproduction Gymnosperms reproduce using cones Cones are different for different species

The pine tree is the sporophyte it produces male and female cones FemaleMale

Female cones are made of scales At the base of each scale are two ovules that produce the egg Ovules Pollen grains are produced in the male cones

Angiosperm Reproduction All angiosperms have flowers The sporophyte produces the flowers Flowers contain gametophytes Most flowers have 4 main parts

Female Parts of the Flower called pistil made up of: Stigma—upper part where pollen lands Style—slender column Ovary—fertilization occurs Ovules—inside the ovary STIGMA STYLE OVARY

Male Parts of the Flower called stamen made up of: Anther—upper part where pollen is made Filament—slender stalk holding anther ANTHER FIILAMENT

Inside the anthers are pollen sacs in which pollen grains develop.

Accessory Structures Petals—adapted attract pollinators Sepals—the outermost green leaf like parts; once covered the bud Some, such as those on a lily, are almost identical to the petals PETALS SEPALS

Flower type determines how it’s pollinated Large flowers with bright colors attract insects and other animals Small flowers or plants without petals are often pollinated by wind, rain, or gravity

Seed Development Seeds of land plants are capable of surviving unfavorable environmental conditions Parts of a seed 1. Immature plant 2. Cotyledon(s) 3. Seed coat 4. Endosperm

In the seeds of some plants, like beans and peanuts, the food is stored in structures called cotyledons The seeds of other plants, like corn and wheat, have food stored in a tissue called endosperm

Germination Germination is when the seed begins growing into a plant Seeds will not germinate until environmental conditions are right

Germination Eventually, a root grows from the seed, followed by a stem and leaves