Knight Bright Group #1: Robin Adams Nathan Doran Tyler Hemp-Hansen Shaun Sontos

What is “Knight Bright”? Knight Bright is a 2-dimensional, 100 (10x10) pixel tabletop interactive LED (RGB) gaming system. The primary motivation behind this project is to develop a fun, easy to use, user-programmable interactive tabletop.

Specifications and Requirements Dimensions20” x 20” x 6” WeightLess than 20 lb. Resolution10 x 10 Color Depth8-bit minimum color pallet CommunicationWireless to Device (range < 10 m) MemoryMust store at least 3 on-board games (approximately 30KB) Power< 200 W

Project Goals Use a (secondary) MCU to control an array of LEDs via LED PWM drivers Transmit the output of an IR sensor circuit into a (secondary) MCU Establish serial communication protocol that enables reliable communication between MCUs Successfully integrate Bluetooth capabilities into the project Develop an mobile peripheral application Successfully integrate user programmable and memory expansion capability Develop a host programming GUI environment

Games

Game Programming Desktop programmer GUI can make games and upload them to the board – Simplified C compiler Program stored as files on a SD card. Each character represents a assembly command or modifier specific to this application – Large storage space for many programs

Board Programmer

Compiler Lexical Analyzer Input Program Lexeme List Parser Code Generator Output Machine Code Symbol Table

Machine Code Output

Knight Bright Simulator Simulator to test games without hardware Critical for development while assembling and debugging the hardware

Microcontroller ATmega328P 3 Microcontrollers – Primary microcontroller – Fetches and executes instructions from the program file on the SD card. Directs actions to the other microcontrollers. – Display microcontroller – Executes commands related to LEDs and graphics – Input microcontroller – Addresses and monitors IR sensors. Reports current status back to primary microcontroller

LED Requirements Diffused common cathode LED bulbs Maximum driving current of 30 mA per bulb LED Control Techniques –PWM (S/W or H/W) Total of 300 LED lines must be sinked Ultimately, a dedicated LED driver IC was used to drive the LED PWM 5mm Common Anode Diffused RGB LED

Selecting the LED Driver Model NameTLC5941TLC5940STP16CP05MT R PCA9922 Current supply(max) 80 mA 60 mA (< 3.6 V) 120 mA (> 3.6 V) 100 mA 60 mA Voltage supply (input) 3 to 5.5 V 3.3 to 5.5 V Voltage supply (out, all channels) 17 V 20 V6 V CommunicationSerial (TTL) Data Transfer rate30 MHz 25 MHz Channels16 8 Cost$1.80/per unit$2.21/per unit$4.32/per unit$0.49/per unit Features (or lack thereof) PWM 12-bit Grayscaling 6-bit Dot Correction PWM 12-bit Grayscaling 6-bit Dot Correction (EEPROM storable) No H/W PWM

TLC5941/5940 TLC5941 LED Driver 16 channels 80 mA current supply(max) 30 MHz data transfer rate 12-bit Grayscale PWM 6-bit DOT Correction TLC5941 (TI LED driver) –Low cost –Ease of use –Proliferated software support –EEPROM not necessary Human eye only requires ~50-60 Hz, and ~33% duty cycle for smooth pulses = 4096 levels

5V LED Driver (TLC5941) Each TLC5941 IC drives 5 RGB LEDs. All TLC5941 ICs access their respective LED lines on the board horizontally. The reference base for this 5 LED row addressing scheme begins at the bottom right corner. Driver 1 Driver 2 Driver 3 Driver 4 Driver 6 Driver 5 …… LED Driver Control

Driver MCU 5:32 Decoder LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver A0A1A2 A3A4 5:32 Decoder selects 20 Addresses(0 – 19) to XLAT pins MODE, SIN, SCLK, BLANK, GSCLK All Common to MCU LED Driver Led Driver Addressing

PCB and Wood Frame Layout 2 Layer Frame Layout Top Layer: IR circuits Bottom Layer: Four (5x5) Pixel Circuit Corner sections, PCB, and PSU Top Layer 100 Pixel Circuits Bottom Layer Corner sections, PCB, and PSU

Sensor Cell Design General requirements – Each sensor must detect an object in front of the cell to provide input to the device – Each Cell must contain a RGB LED to provide output Primary Considerations – An intelligent design approach must be used to minimize the number of microcontroller pins needed for user interfacing – The group should also utilize cost efficient methods to meet the requirements

Sensor Array Design Sensor circuit & & & & Row SelectColumn Select Return to MCU

QED123 IR Light Emitting Diode λ880nm MaterialGaAs Package typeT-1 ¾ (5mm lens diameter) Emission angle 16° Output powerHigh Matched photo-sensor QSD123 QSD123 IR (NPN) PHOTOTRANSISTOR Daylight Filter MaterialSilicon Package Type:T-1 ¾ (5mm lens diameter) Reception angle 24° SensitivityHigh Matched Emitter: QED12X Sensor Circuit Design

74HCT08 Quad 2-input AND Gate Philips Semiconductor High-speed Si-gate CMOS device PackageDP14 Propagation delay6ns 2 to 6 V 0 to Vcc – 1.5 V (Typical 1.6V) 0.8 (Typical 1.2) Vcc (Typical 4.4V) 20mA Sensor Circuit Design

Innovative Solutions – Move Row/Column pull down resistors to Decoder output – Voltage divider – Jump output ‘A’ to input to ‘B’ for 3 input gate – Diode added to return line to prevent back feeding into and gates Pixel Circuit Design

Wireless Method For use with an mobile device, the most prevalent methods are Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Other wireless technologies were tossed out because of the added cost of an adapter to the mobile device In the end, Wi-Fi is simply overkill for the application TechnologyBluetoothWi-Fi Range20m150m Power Consumption~99mW~594mW Data Rate300Kbps~30Mbps Cost$15.95$30.10

Bluetooth Module: RN42-XV ManufactureRoving Networks Price$20.95 Supply Voltage3.0 – 3.6 V Default Bluetooth Profile Serial Port Profile(SPP) Pins20 pins (only 5 of which will be used) Speed9600 Baud

Mobile Application Platform: Android has a familiar environment with Java Eclipse Vast libraries, specifically one for Bluetooth usage Open source and many support tutorials and explanations Easy drag and drop style GUI creator Features: The user is able to select what program is running on Knight Bright For certain programs the App will be used as a controller Text input from the App to the device Grid for one to one control

Mobile Application (Protocol) TextControllerGridProgram Select Hello World! Up (#u)Row/ColTicTacToe ($0) (del)Hello World! Down (#d)00Battleship ($1) Left (#l)01Tetris ($2) Right (#r)02… Select (#s)03… etc…

Mobile Application (Use Case Diagram)

Mobile Application (Class Diagram)

Component Max Current (mA) Number presentPower consumption per device (mW) Power Consumed (W) Microcontroller Led Driver Bluetooth Device Decoders TBD USB RGB LED IR Emitter IR Detector And Gate Total Calculated Actual Power Consumption

TDK-Lambda LS200-5 Note: Careful component selection lead to a need for only 1 voltage regulation device for the Bluetooth chip (.05 x 1.7 =.085 Watts) Power Supply TypeSwitching Input voltage85 – 263 VAC Input Frequency47-63 Hz Output voltage5 VDC Max current40 A Typical Efficiency % Enclosed fanYes Overvoltage protection5.75 – 6.75 VDC Overcurrent protection105% nominal peak Over Temperature ProtectionYes Size7.8 x 3.9 x 1.6” Cost$49.52

By designing isolated regions the board was able to be tested one quarter at a time A ‘change of state’ test program was generated which included all basic colors and a response to positive return Testing

PartPriceQuantityTotal Microcontroller$1.623$4.86 TLC5941$1.8019$34.20 RN-42(one with breakout)$21.502$43.00 Power Supply$ Resistors$ $10.00 Diodes$ $3.00 Decoders (4:16)$1.524$6.08 AND Gates$ $26.00 IR Detectors$ $43.00 IR Emitters$ $35.00 RGB Light Emitting Diodes$ $35.00 PCB$ Construction Supplies$ $55 Wire$5.00 / 100 ft1000 ft$50 Total $ Budget

ProjectRobinNathanTylerShaun Firmware, Compiler, game logic, GUI X Android App DevelopmentX BluetoothXX Sensor Cell DesignX Sensor Cell ProductionXXX PCB DesignX Memory Expansion IntegrationX SolderingXXX Device ConstructionXX Distribution of Work

Questions?