Chapter 29 History

Chapter 29 History Australia New Zealand

Chapter 29 History The Discovery of New Zealand The colonization of New Zealand New Zealand in 20th century

Maori people: The Discovery of New Zealand

1.The Settlement of the Maori Polynesian Maori, the earliest inhabitants, arrived New Zealand about 1000 years ago. Each man was excellent warriors because of frequent warfare. The Discovery of New Zealand 1.The Settlement of the Maori Polynesian Maori, the earliest inhabitants, arrived New Zealand about 1000 years ago. Each man was excellent warriors because of frequent warfare.

Kumara, Kumara, a kind of sweet potato, was the most important food plant. It is a quick maturing crop. The Discovery of New Zealand

2. European explorers The first European is the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in English Captain James Cook has been in the country for 3 times since 1769, and successfully circumnavigated and mapped it. The Discovery of New Zealand

The Colonization of New Zealand Prior to 1840, the British, the Americans and the French did businesses with Maori. 1. Early European settlers

Many more Maoris died because of guns bought from Pakeha (Europeans) and diseases brought by the Pakeha. The Colonization of New Zealand

2. The Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi was signed on February 6 th, Significance : It established British law in New Zealand, and guaranteed Maori authority over their land and culture. The Treaty is considered New Zealand‘s founding document.

3. The Maoris Wars From 1810s to 1830s, intertribal Musket Wars brought great changes. In 1840s, the interracial conflict worsened. In 1853, Maori King Movement was initiated. In 1860, Taranaki War broke out. In 1872, the New Zealand Wars ended.

Significance: a)Many Maoris died during the wars; b)Maoris lost their lands; c)By 1900, New Zealand was a settler society, with Maori pushed out to its fringes. The Colonization of New Zealand

4. Economic and Social Development in Second Half of 19th Century (1)Sheep Farming and Gold Rush Settlers flooded in, changed lands into ranches, and exported the shorn wool to England. Sheep… The Colonization of New Zealand

The first goldfield was set up at Tuapeka in Otago in Gold-mining transformed the Otago province which Became the commercial and industrial centre of New Zealand during this time.

(2) Prosperity and Depression (2) Prosperity and Depression In 1870, a development policy was proposed to use loans for constructing public works. Prosperity of the mid-1870s led was led by these policies; Population increased dramatically. The Colonization of New Zealand

Because there was not a solid growth of productivity, the aftermath of borrowing was an economic depression that lasted into the 1890s. Refrigeration skill helped British farm livestock industry expand. Improved transportation facilities made the overseas trade possible.

(3) The Liberal Era New Zealand’s first political party, the Liberal, took power from 1891 to Economically, Offer advances to settlers to develop “family farm” economy ; Politically, Parliamentary government along democratic lines was well- established. Women received the right to vote in national elections in The Colonization of New Zealand

2. New Zealand in 20th century wars (1)New Zealand in the South African (‘Boer’) War The South African War of was often called the Anglo-Boer War, the 1st overseas conflict to involve New Zealand Troops. It strengthened New Zealanders’ sense of a national identity and set the pattern for the country’s later involvement in the world wars. New Zealand in 20th century

(2) new Zealand in World WarⅠand Ⅱ The two world wars took many New Zealanders overseas. Impact on the home front: New Zealanders’ developing sense of identity; Increased confidence in their role in the world.

(3)New Zealand Forces in Asia after World War Ⅱ (3) New Zealand Forces in Asia after World War Ⅱ In the post- Second World War conflicts in Asia, New Zealand took part as an ally of the United States. New Zealand in 20th century

(4) After World War Ⅱ Economically, New Zealand successfully expanded agriculture-based economy during World War Ⅱ. 1950s-1960s was a period of sustained full development. 1970s saw mounting problems. New Zealand in 20th century

The current objectives: Pursuing free-trade agreement; building a “knowledge economy” April 27th, 2008 New Zealand and China signed the New Zealand and China Free Trade Agreement. Tip:

International Status: As a member of APEC, East Asia Summit, NZ has played a more and more important role in the world. Migrants: They have greatly contributed to NZ economy; their unique culture and customs have gradually integrated into the lives of NZers. New Zealand in 20th century

I. Fill in the following blanks: 1.The earliest inhabitants of New Zealand were the ______, who arrived from their ancestral ________ homeland of Hawaiki, probably about 1000 years ago. 2.New Zealand’s first political _______, took power from _____ to in order to deal with the depression,they took a series of policies to _______ the economy. Exercise

3. After a day of debate, _____________ was signed on February 6th,1840, at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. 4. In the late 1850s, Otago was excited with the news of the discovery of _______. The first goldfield was set up at Tuapeka in Otago in_______. 5. New Zealand successfully expanded its _______-based economy during World War Ⅱ. Exercise

II. Explain the terms: 1.The Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi is a treaty first signed on February 6, 1840, by representatives of the British Crown, and various Maori chiefs from the northern North Island of New Zealand. The Treaty established a British governor in New Zealand, recognized Maori ownership of their lands and other properties, and gave Maori the rights of British subjects. Exercise

2. Abel Tasman Tasman is best known for his voyages of 1642 and He led the first known European expedition to reach the islands of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) and New Zealand and to sight the Fiji islands. Exercise

3. Kupe According to tribal narratives, Kupe was the first Polynesian to discover the islands of New Zealand. His journey there was triggered by difficulties with fishing in Hawaiki, his homeland. Apparently the problem was a great octopus belonging to Kupe’s competitor, Muturangi. Kupe set out in his canoe to kill the octopus, and such was the length of the pursuit that it brought him to New Zealand. Exercise

4. The Gold Rush During the 1860s in Central Otago, New Zealand, the country's biggest gold rush started at Gabriel's Gully but spread throughout much of Central Otago, leading to the rapid expansion and commercialization of the new colonial settlement of Dunedin, which quickly grew to be New Zealand's largest city. Exercise

5. Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade before World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. Exercise

1.When did Maori arrive in New Zealand? What about their lives there? 2.What is the contribution of Captain Cook to the discovery of New Zealand? 3.Tell some reasons of the interracial conflict in New Zealand, 1860s. 4. Give a brief account of New Zealand in “Great Depression” 5. What impact do the wars of 20 th century have on New Zealand? III. Questions for discussion:

If you want to know more, please check the following websites: ut-nz/history/history-home.cfm ut-