Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Facilities

LNG: What is it? Natural gas converted to liquid at -260 F Natural gas converted to liquid at -260 F 1/600 of original volume for shipping 1/600 of original volume for shipping Sources located in Russia, Middle East & Caribbean Sources located in Russia, Middle East & Caribbean LNG is converted back to gas/warmed at on-shore & off- shore LNG facilities LNG is converted back to gas/warmed at on-shore & off- shore LNG facilities Distributed via pipelines to markets Distributed via pipelines to markets

Existing LNG Terminals (US) Everett, MA Everett, MA Cove Point, MD Cove Point, MD Elba Island, GA Elba Island, GA Lake Charles, LA Lake Charles, LA Offshore Boston Offshore Boston Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico

Existing & Proposed LNG Facilities

Atlantic Coast, Proposed Atlantic Coast, Proposed Fall River, MA Fall River, MA Cove Point, MD; expansion Cove Point, MD; expansion Elba Island, GA; expansion Elba Island, GA; expansion Off-shore Boston; Neptune LNG-SUEZ LNG Off-shore Boston; Neptune LNG-SUEZ LNG Pleasant Point, ME Pleasant Point, ME Robbinston, ME Robbinston, ME Baltimore, MD Baltimore, MD Off-shore FA (x2) Off-shore FA (x2) Offshore NY/NJ (x3) Offshore NY/NJ (x3)

NY/NJ Harbor

Why so many proposals? Are we running out of domestic natural gas ? Are we running out of domestic natural gas ? US is energy independent for ng for at least two generations. US is energy independent for ng for at least two generations. Is demand higher than market can meet? Is demand higher than market can meet? Current LNG terminals are not operating under full capacity Current LNG terminals are not operating under full capacity Is it cleaner or cheaper? Is it cleaner or cheaper? LNG is from foreign sources and is more polluting & expensive than domestic natural gas. LNG is from foreign sources and is more polluting & expensive than domestic natural gas. Will prices at the pump go down? Will prices at the pump go down? LNG is not Gasoline! LNG is not Gasoline! According to Clean Ocean Action white paper According to Clean Ocean Action white paper

Permitting Process Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) On-shore & state waters On-shore & state waters Maritime Administration (MARAD)/USCG Maritime Administration (MARAD)/USCG Deep water ports Deep water ports State & Local authority State & Local authority Coastal Zone Management Act Coastal Zone Management Act Clean Air Act Clean Air Act Clean Water Act Clean Water Act NEPA review as a cooperating agency NEPA review as a cooperating agency Land stewardship Land stewardship

Common Concerns

Broadwater LNG Facility Floating regassification & storage terminal in Long Island Sound Floating regassification & storage terminal in Long Island Sound 3 football fields long, 9 stories high 3 football fields long, 9 stories high Approx 10 miles between CT & NY shorelines Approx 10 miles between CT & NY shorelines Require a 21.7 pipeline extension along sea floor Require a 21.7 pipeline extension along sea floor

Environmental Concerns Continuous water uptake screens out and kills fish & other marine life. Continuous water uptake screens out and kills fish & other marine life. Water is discharged chlorinated & warmer. Water is discharged chlorinated & warmer. Impacts from gas spills or fires on wq & marine life Impacts from gas spills or fires on wq & marine life New pipeline and mooring disturbs 22 miles of benthic habitat (lobsters, shellfish & other creepy crawlies) New pipeline and mooring disturbs 22 miles of benthic habitat (lobsters, shellfish & other creepy crawlies) Air quality/CO2 emissions Air quality/CO2 emissions Light pollution Light pollution

Other Concerns Safety – possible explosions & fires could over-strain local public safety & emergency response services Safety – possible explosions & fires could over-strain local public safety & emergency response services Terrorist target??? Terrorist target??? Aesthetic – Visible from shore in an otherwise open viewshed Aesthetic – Visible from shore in an otherwise open viewshed Public Access –USGS ordered 1.5 s. mile restricted area around facility & a moving security zone around ships as they enter the Race and sail through Sound. Public Access –USGS ordered 1.5 s. mile restricted area around facility & a moving security zone around ships as they enter the Race and sail through Sound. Fishing, boating, sailing, etc. Fishing, boating, sailing, etc. Possible private security to enforce Possible private security to enforce

Resources ELI Chapter Website ELI Chapter Website Surfrider Foundation Coastal A-Z on LNG Surfrider Foundation Coastal A-Z on LNG Clean Ocean Action white paper on LNG 1/Issues/LNG/Final_Clean_Ocean_Action_LNG_Report.pdf Clean Ocean Action white paper on LNG 1/Issues/LNG/Final_Clean_Ocean_Action_LNG_Report.pdf 1/Issues/LNG/Final_Clean_Ocean_Action_LNG_Report.pdf 1/Issues/LNG/Final_Clean_Ocean_Action_LNG_Report.pdf