Evaluating Trachtenberg’s

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Presentation transcript:

Evaluating Trachtenberg’s Medieval Modernism theory

Romanesque Cathedral of St.-Lazare, Autun, France, 1120-46 w/ 15th-cen. Gothic additions

the pilasters: “self-conscious, knowing, modernizing distortions of the very antiquity to which these same buildings are so powerfully attached” (Trachtenberg 2000, 203n11). Romanesque Cathedral of St.-Lazare, Autun, France, 1120-46

Constantine’s Basilica (aula nova) at Trier, 305-312 Conrad’s Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61

Conrad’s Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61 Henry IV’s Speyer Cathedral, 1080s

Cluny III: “scattered, episodic, fragmentary, often superficial modernist gestures” (187). Romanesque Cluny III in photo montage recon. of crossing recon. of nave

groin vaults of Speyer Cathedral, 1080s rib vaults of Chartres Cathedral, 1194-1260

nave elevation looking east nave elevation looking west Nôtre-Dame, Paris nave elevation looking east nave elevation looking west 1150-55

Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, 1194-1221 I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Labyrinths Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, 1194-1221 12.85 m. diameter maze installed in 1215-21

Chartres Cathedral – maze installed in 1215-21 I. Symbolism Labyrinths Chartres Cathedral – maze installed in 1215-21

I. Symbolism Labyrinths Chartres Cathedral – labyrinth defining difference between west vs. east end of the church

Mazes in the Greek world Mazes in the Roman world I. Symbolism Labyrinths Mazes in the Greek world Mazes in the Roman world Daedalus – mythical architect, creator of the labyrinth Silver coin from Knossos on the island of Crete, Greece, 325 BCE Floor mosaic of a Roman villa near Cremona, Italy, 1st cen. CE (No maze found in the palace at Knossos)

Mazes in early Christian churches I. Symbolism Labyrinths Mazes in early Christian churches Early Christian El-Asnam Cathedral El-Asnam, Algeria, 324, floor mosaic Detail of the labyrinth El-Asnam Cathedral Algeria, ca. 324 CE

Location of floor labyrinths in medieval churches I. Symbolism Labyrinths Location of floor labyrinths in medieval churches Small scale labyrinths in Italy Romanesque San Michele in Pavia Italy, 1100-1150

Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, c. 1211-1290 – labyrinth now lost I. Symbolism Labyrinths Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, c. 1211-1290 – labyrinth now lost

Memory of the promethean architect / demiurge honored I. Symbolism Labyrinths Memory of the promethean architect / demiurge honored Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, c. 1211-1290

Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France, 1220-1269 – labyrinth is a modern reconstruction

Chartres Cathedral – façade (west) I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals Chartres Cathedral – façade (west) Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)

Chartres Cathedral – Virgin Portal I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Encyclopedic in scope – like the compendia written by scholastic philosophers Chartres Cathedral – Virgin Portal Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)

I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Chartres Cathedral – south transept portal – three portals dedicated Last Judgment theme (High Gothic 1205-40)

Human figure used to embody metaphysical ideals I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Human figure used to embody metaphysical ideals Chartres south transept portal (High Gothic 1205-40) “Classical” St. George Early Gothic defined, cylindrical, attenuated column figures

Chartres Cathedral – south transept I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Chartres Cathedral – south transept (High Gothic 1205-40)

Chartres Cathedral – façade (west) I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals Chartres Cathedral – façade (west) Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)

Chartres Cathedral – Virgin Portal I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Encyclopedic in scope – like the compendia written by scholastic philosophers Chartres Cathedral – Virgin Portal Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)