Introduction to the United States Marine Corps few can lead 1 1 1 1

USMC Basics Established 10 Nov 1775 Separate Military Service National Security Act of 1947 Separate Roles and Missions Part of Department of Navy not U.S. Navy Commandant reports to Secretary of the Navy No Secretary of the Marine Corps From the Nat’l Security Act "The United States Marine Corps, within the Department of the Navy, shall include land combat and service forces and such aviation as may be organic therein. The Marine Corps shall he organized, trained, and equipped to provide fleet marine forces of combined arms, together with supporting air components, for service with the fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign. It shall be the duty of the Marine Corps to develop, in coordination with the Army and the Air Force, those phases of amphibious operations which pertain to the tactics, technique, and equipment employed by landing forces. In addition, the Marine Corps shall provide detachments and organizations for service on armed vessels of the Navy, shall provide security detachments for the protection of naval properly at naval stations and bases, and shall perform such other duties as the President may direct: Provided, that such additional duties shall not detract from or interfere with the operations for which the Marine Corps is primarily organized. The Marine Corps shall be responsible, in accordance with integrated joint mobilization plans, for the expansion of peacetime components of the Marine Corps to meet the needs of war." 3 3 3 3

History & Traditions Tun Tavern Nov 10, 1775 – two battalions of Marines raised First Commandant Captain Samuel Nicholas Directed to raise Marines to establish two battalions Never officially called “Commandant” First official Commandant of the United States Marine Corps Major William Ward Burrows The President’s Own Marine band that has performed at White House functions for every president except George Washington Established by act of Congress in 1798 Stationed at the “Oldest Post in the Corps” in Washington D.C.

History & Traditions Lieutenant Alfred Cunningham First female Marine First Marine aviator to earn his wings Marine aviation first introduced during WWI First female Marine 13 Aug 1918 Opha Mae Johnson was the first female to enlist in the Marine Corps Formerly called Women Marines (WM) but term is considered no longer acceptable Blood stripe Battle of Chapultepec, Mexican-American War, September 1847 Commemorates the Marines killed while storming the castle of Chapultepec "Devil Dog" - Battle of Belleau Wood, WWI 1918 Germans referred to Marines as “Teufelhunden” (Hollenhunde-hell hound) to describe their fighting abilities Marine tradition maintains that the red stripe worn on the trousers of the Blue Dress uniform, commonly known as the blood stripe, commemorates those Marine NCOs who died storming the castle of Chapultepec in 1847, though iterations of the stripe predate the war. In 1849, the stripes were changed to a solid red from dark blue stripes edged in red, which dated from 1839.[3]

History & Traditions Scarlet & Gold Official colors of the Marine Corps Scarlet stands for the blood Marines shed and the gold shows the world that Marines are bold “Uncommon Valor was a Common Virtue” Quote by Admiral Chester Nimitz and refers to the battle for Iwo Jima, largest all-Marine battle in history Semper Fidelis Marine Corps motto means always faithful Leatherneck Marine nickname that refers to the leather stock or neckpiece that was originally part of the Marine uniform Leatherneck collar was designed to protect the jugular vein from saber slashes. Intended to keep heads erect. High collar on current dress blue uniforms commemorates.

History & Traditions “Every Marine a rifleman” Regardless of MOS- trained as an infantrymen first Marines augment different MOSs Hymn of the Marine Corps Marine Hymn Eagle, Globe, & Anchor Marine Corps Emblem Eagle- Our nation Globe- Worldwide service Anchor- Naval traditions The "Marines' Hymn" is the official hymn of the United States Marine Corps. It is the oldest official song in the United States military. The "Marines' Hymn" is typically sung at the position of attention as a gesture of respect.

Current Commandant and Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps General Amos (35th Commandant and first naval aviator as Commandant) and Sgt Major Barrett (17th SgtMaj of the Marine Corps)

USMC Core Competencies Combined arms integration Warfighting culture and dynamic decision-making Expeditionary forward operations Sustainable and interoperable littoral power projection Forcible Entry from the Sea 6 6 6 6

USMC Operational Concepts Maneuver Warfare Not just spatial Taking action to generate and exploit an advantage over the enemy Operational Maneuver From the Sea (OMFTS) Capstone operational concept Uses sea as maneuver space Executed in concert with the Navy Emphasis on littorals Links naval and maneuver warfare Aimed at an enemy’s center of gravity Ship to Objective Maneuver (STOM) Tactically implements OMFTS Reduces “footprint” ashore Applied across missions to include humanitarian aid STOM Maneuver warfare is a warfighting philosophy that seeks to shatter the enemy’s cohesion through a variety of rapid, focused, and unexpected actions which create a turbelent and rapidly deteriorating situation with which the enemy cannot cope. -Create a situation in which the enemy cannot function Littorals are those areas characterized by great cities, well-populated coasts, and the intersection of trade routes where land and sea meet. While representing a relatively small portion of the world's surface, littorals provide homes to over three-quarters of the world's population, locations for over 80 percent of the world's capital cities, and nearly all of the marketplaces for international trade. Because of this, littorals are also the place where most of the world's important conflicts are likely to occur. Play STOM video till 3:00 mark and then stop. 6 6 6 6

USMC Organization Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Four components Command element Ground combat element Aviation combat element Logistics combat element 4 types of MAGTFs Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) Special Purpose MAGTF (SPMAGTF) What does that mean? Ground Marines, aircraft, and support Put them all under a single Headquarters Element They fight together for one common mission.

Logistics Combat Element MAGTF Organization Command Element (CE) Ground Combat Element (GCE) Air Combat Element (ACE) Logistics Combat Element (LCE) Basic structure never varies, but number, type, and size of units in each of the four elements will be mission-dependent.

Strengths of the MAGTF Leverages strengths of different units + weapon systems to achieve combined arms effect MAGTF commander has a “joint” type force Scalable Task-organized based on mission Flexible Wide range of capabilities and weapon systems

Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) Principle warfighting organization in USMC Commanded by Lieutenant General Self sustainable for 60 days Only standing MAGTF Composition Marine Division Marine Air Wing Marine Logistics Group MEF HQ Group (CE) Marine Division (GCE) Marine Air Wing (ACE) Marine Logistics Group (LCE) 10 10 10 10

Marine Division 13 13 13 13

Marine Division Uses combined arms tactics Tailored to meet the demands of any mission Composition HQ battalion (3) Infantry Regiments (1) Artillery regiment (1) Tank Battalion (1) Assault Amphibian Battalion (1) Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion (1) Combat Engineer Battalion 13 13 13 13

Marine Division 1st Marine Division 2nd Marine Division Camp Pendleton, CA 1st, 5th, and 7th Marine Regiments 2nd Marine Division Camp Lejeune, NC 2nd, 6th, and 8th Marine Regiments 3rd Marine Division Okinawa, Japan 3rd and 4th Marine Regiments 4th Marine Division (Reserves) New Orleans, LA 23rd, 24th, and 25th Marine Regiments 13 13 13 13

Marine Aircraft Wing 14 14 14 14

Marine Aircraft Wing Complete Range of Air Operations Anti-Air Warfare Offensive Air Support Assault Support Aerial Reconnaissance Electronic Warfare Control of Aircraft and Missiles 1stMAW- Japan 2dMAW- NC 3dMAW- CA 4thMAW- LA 14 14 14 14

Marine Logistics Group 15 15 15 15

Marine Logistics Group Provides sustained combat service support above and beyond the organic capabilities of the other elements of the MAGTF Combat Logistics Regiment x3 MEU support regiment Division support regiment General support regiment Maintenance, Medical, Supply Battalions Engineer Support Battalion Dental Battalion 1stMLG- CA 2dMLG- NC 3dMLG- Japan 15 15 15 15

MEF Locations III MEF Okinawa, Japan II MEF Camp Lejeune, NC I MEF Camp Pendleton, CA

Infantry Regiment (rein) Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) Commanded by Brigadier General Self sustainable for 30 days Composition: Regimental Landing Team Marine Air Group Combat Logistics Regiment MEB staffs are cadres pulled from MEF MEB HQ (CE) Infantry Regiment (rein) (GCE) Aircraft Group (ACE) Combat Logistics Regiment (LCE)

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) Commanded by a Colonel Self sustainable for 15 days Forward deployed on amphibious ships Components MEU Headquarters Battalion Landing Team Composite Aviation Squadron Combat Logistics Battalion 11 11 11 11

Typical MEU Locations II MEF 22nd MEU I MEF 11th MEU 24th MEU 13th MEU III MEF 31st MEU

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) Three deployed at all times Immediate response sea-based MAGTF Forward deployed aboard Navy Expeditionary Strike Group Combat Logistics Battalion 22 11 11 11 11

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) MEU Special Operations Capable (MEUSOC) qualification Must have MARSOC on board In extremis Hostage Rescue Direct Action Missions Other MEU Operations Raids - Air, Mechanized, and Motorized TRAP - Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel NEO - Noncombatant Evacuation Operations HA/DR - Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Relief Mass Casualty assistance 11 11 11 11

Special Purpose MAGTF Temporarily established to accomplish specific missions that are inappropriate for MEF, MEB or MEU Draws forces from: Marine Divisions Marine Air Wings Marine Logistic Groups Example: Hurricane Katrina Be polite, be professional, but have a plan to kill everybody you meet. -Lt Gen Mattis 12 12 12 12

Becoming a Marine Officer Be contracted through a commissioning source (ROTC, PLC, OCC, MECEP, USNA) Successfully complete an undergraduate degree Successfully complete OCS

After Commissioning Six months at The Basic School (TBS) Military Occupational Special (MOS) School or Flight School 2 months- 3 years of additional depending on MOS Fleet assignment 18 months helicopters/ up to 3 years for fixed wing (API, Primary (T-34 or T-6), Advanced (HT or VT), and Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS)

Military Occupational Specialties for Marine Officers 0203 – Ground Intelligence 0302 – Infantry / *0303 – Light Armored Vehicle (selected at Infantry Officer Course) 0802 – Field Artillery 1302 – Combat Engineer 1802 – Armor (Tanks) 1803 – Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV) 0207 – Air Intelligence 6002 – Aviation Maintenance 6602 – Aviation Supply 7204 – Low Altitude Air Defense 7208 – Air Support Control 7210 – Air Defense Control 7220 – Air Traffic Control 0402 – Logistics 0602 – Communications / Data 3002 – Ground Supply 5803 – Military Police 0180 – Adjutant 0204 – Human Intelligence 0206 – Signals Intelligence 3404 – Financial Management 4302 – Public Affairs 7580 – Naval Flight Officer 7599 - Naval Aviator 4402- Judge Advocate **

Navy-Marine Corps Team “Soldiers of the Sea” Naval dominance Power projected from sea Navy-Marine Corps team has the unique ability to provide forward-deployed expeditionary combat forces in response to crises “The Marine Corps is fundamentally a naval service. Marines are “soldiers of the sea,” trained to operate on the sea but to fight on the land. This distinction is more than just historical or cultural—although it is that also. It is first a matter of practical significance. The sea remains the only viable way to deploy large military forces to distant theaters and to rapidly shift forces between theaters… For a country that possesses naval dominance, the sea becomes an avenue for projecting military power practically anywhere in the world.” (MCDP-3, pp 45). Importance of the sea for transport. Air Force only transports about 5% of the Army’s equipment.

Questions? For the mission's sake, for our country's sake, and the sake of the men who carried the Division's colors in past battles — "who fought for life and never lost their nerve" — carry out your mission and keep your honor clean. Demonstrate to the world there is “No Better Friend — No Worse Enemy” than a US Marine. -Lt Gen Mattis