Naval History of the Civil War

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Presentation transcript:

Naval History of the Civil War

Naval Strategy Technology Blockade Blockade Running River War Commerce Raiding Key Naval Battles Fort Sumter Forts Henry and Donelson MONITOR/VIRGINIA (MERRIMACK) New Orleans KEARSARGE/ALABAMA Mobile Bay

Naval Strategy North South Isolate Divide Control Territory Protect Shipping Discredit Blockade Disrupt Northern Shipping Protect Key Territory

Resources North South Weak Industrial Base Northeastern Nautical Tradition Shipyards Industrial Base Most Navy Officers did not follow the Confederacy Manpower 40 ships Weak Industrial Base Limited Maritime Experience ZERO ships

Technology Steam Engines Screw Propellors Ironclad Ships Torpedoes Submarines

Blockade Cut off commerce of an opponent. Field a credible Naval Force to interdict shipping and enforce blockade. Blockade can be broken and lifted if the blockading ships can be driven off. Declaring a blockade held serious political implications for the North.

Blockade Running Small fast boats to bring in vital supplies Tendency was toward luxury items that bring a large market value instead of strategic military stores One or two successful trips could make a crew rich Support from non-belligerent countries

Commerce Raiding Goal is to cripple an adversaries international trade and limit their peaceful use of the seas Destroyed US merchant marine fleet and fishing fleets. Effects linger to this day. Privateers – Letter of Marque Commerce Raiders – Confederate Navy Compact, frigate-sized warships built and armed abroad due to a lack of Confederate industrial base.

River Wars Extensive system of Western Rivers facilitated internal trade in the Confederacy and provided avenues of advance to the Union. Forts vs Ships

The Two Navies Union Confederate Line of Battle Ships Gunboats Frigates Cruisers Gunboats Ironclads River craft Commerce Raiders Ironclads Submarine CSS HUNLEY

KEY NAVAL BATTLES

FORT SUMTER

Forts Henry and Donelson

MONITOR/VIRGINIA (MERRIMACK)

New Orleans/Mobile Bay

KEARSARGE/ALABAMA