Educational Psychology Define and contrast descriptive, correlational and experimental studies, giving examples of how each of these have been used in.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
BIOLOGY- SEMESTER 1.
Advertisements

Introduction to Psychology
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
Chapter 2: The Research Process
The Ways and Means of Psychology STUFF YOU SHOULD ALREADY KNOW BY NOW IF YOU PLAN TO GRADUATE.
Doing Social Psychology Research
Personality, 9e Jerry M. Burger
How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions
Research Methods in Psychology Pertemuan 3 s.d 4 Matakuliah: L0014/Psikologi Umum Tahun: 2007.
RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Educational Psychology Provide an overview of the systems model of human development presented in class, describing how the behavioral, cognitive, humanistic.
Science Inquiry Minds-on Hands-on.
Introduction to Educational Research
Basic Concepts of Research Basis of scientific method Making observations in systematic way Follow strict rules of evidence Critical thinking about evidence.
Chapter 1 Psychology as a Science
RESEARCH IN EDUCATION Chapter I. Explanations about the Universe Power of the gods Religious authority Challenge to religious dogma Metacognition: Thinking.
BRS 214 Introduction to Psychology Methodology used in psychology field Dawn Stewart BSC, MPA, PHD.
McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature of Research Chapter One.
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Slide 1 Research Methods In Psychology 2.
III. Research Methods. A. How do psychologists “do” science? l If our intuition, common sense, and folk wisdom is not enough to make valid conclusions.
Research !!.  Philosophy The foundation of human knowledge A search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather thanobservational.
Psychology as a Science In this lecture we will discuss: science - a method for understanding limits of common sense methods of science description correlation.
RESEARCH IN MATH EDUCATION-3
Research Methods in Education
How is Psychology Conducted?. The Need For Psychological Science  Common Sense and Intuition  What is common sense?  How does it effect intuition?
Chapter 1: Research in the Behavioral Sciences History of Behavioral Research Aristotle and Buddha questioned human nature and why people behave in certain.
Evaluating a Research Report
Educational Psychology Define and contrast descriptive, correlational and experimental studies, giving examples of how each of these have been used in.
The student will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific inquiry and technological design, including mathematical analysis, can be used appropriately.
1 Women’s Studies. 2 First Wave Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft’s (1792) A Vindication of the Rights of Women is one of the first written works to be called.
Psychology Research Methods. There are a variety of ways of validating truth Personal experience Intuition Social or cultural consensus Religious scripture.
The Scientific Method in Psychology.  Descriptive Studies: naturalistic observations; case studies. Individuals observed in their environment.  Correlational.
What Science Is and Is Not What is the goal of science?
The Research Enterprise in Psychology
An Examination of Science. What is Science Is a systematic approach for analyzing and organizing knowledge. Used by all scientists regardless of the field.
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Scientific Processes Mrs. Parnell. What is Science? The goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural.
WHAT IS THE NATURE OF SCIENCE?. SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW 1.The Universe Is Understandable. 2.The Universe Is a Vast Single System In Which the Basic Rules.
The Scientific Method.
Review of Research Methods. Overview of the Research Process I. Develop a research question II. Develop a hypothesis III. Choose a research design IV.
Lecture 02.
SP_IRS Introduction to Research in Special and Inclusive Education(Autumn 2015) Lecture 1: Introduction Lecturer: Mr. S. Kumar.
Review of the Scientific Method Chapter 1. Scientific Method – –Organized, logical approach to scientific research. Not a list of rules, but a general.
SCIENCE The aim of this tutorial is to help you learn to identify and evaluate scientific methods and assumptions.
EDU 5900 AB. RAHIM BAKAR 1 Research Methods in Education.
Chapter 1.1 – What is Science?. State and explain the goals of science. Describe the steps used in the scientific method. Daily Objectives.
Overview of Educational Psychology What is Educational Psychology? –Educational psychology is the study of human behavior applied to the teaching and.
Research for Nurses: Methods and Interpretation Chapter 1 What is research? What is nursing research? What are the goals of Nursing research?
1. Introduction to Research  What are the goals of descriptive, correlational, and experimental research? What are the advantages and disadvantages of.
1.3: Scientific Thinking & Processes Key concept: Science is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.
Ch 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior Ch 4: Studying Behavior.
Chapter 1: Section 1 What is Science?. What Science IS and IS NOT.. The goal of Science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain.
Research in Psychology Chapter Two 8-10% of Exam AP Psychology.
What is development? Domains of development Questions about Development: Normative Development and Individual Differences Goals of developmental psychology.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Research in Psychology.
Sociology 12. Outcome analyze a variety of appropriate sociological research methods Describe common sociological research methods
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology.
Chapter Two Psychological Science. RESEARCH GOALS Basic Research Answers fundamental questions about behavior – e.g., how nerves conduct impulses from.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD NATURE OF SCIENCE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN VANCE
Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Section 1: What is Science?
WHAT IS THE NATURE OF SCIENCE?
Research Methods In Psychology
Lecture 1: Introduction Lecturer: Mr. S. Kumar
Teaching and Educational Psychology
© 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Two Research in Psychology
Science of Biology
Chapter 1.1 – What is Science?
Introduction.
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
Presentation transcript:

Educational Psychology Define and contrast descriptive, correlational and experimental studies, giving examples of how each of these have been used in educational psychology. Define the four basic methods used to collect data in educational psychology (systematic observation, participant observation, paper/pencil, and clinical), giving an example of how each has been used in the study of important variables in educational psychology.

Educational Psychology In your discussion, define and differentiate the following terms: fact, concept, principle, hypothesis, theory, and law. Developed by W. Huitt (1999)

There are a variety of ways of validating truth: Intuition Religious scripture and interpretation Philosophy and logical reasoning Science and the scientific method Social and/or cultural consensus Personal experience Research in Educational Psychology

In order for a process to be described as “scientific” it must meet three criteria: knowledge must be grounded in experience knowledge must be grounded in a paradigm or exemplar any hypothesis must be potentially falsifiable Research in Educational Psychology

Some scientists argue that the only appropriate phenomena to study using the scientific method is behavior that is observable by others However, other scientists believe that personal and interpersonal subjective experiences can also be studied using the scientific method Research in Educational Psychology

Educational psychology offers a fertile opportunity for scientists to demonstrate the validity of these opposing viewpoints Sample topics that have been addressed include: Cognitive development Teaching methods for concept development Language development Research in Educational Psychology

The scientific method can be used to engage in Research where the objective is to gain understanding of a particular phenomena OR Evaluation where the objective is to make a judgement of worth or value Research in Educational Psychology

Assessment Qualitative Quantitative Measurement Research Evaluation Research in Educational Psychology

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Used when we have little knowledge of a phenomena and we want to describe it accurately and truthfully Descriptive study Research in Educational Psychology

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Used when we want to understand the relationships among variables and make predictions from present circumstances to future ones Correlational study Research in Educational Psychology

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Correlation coefficient describes the strength of the relationship Correlational study Range is from -1 to +1 Research in Educational Psychology

Example of A Perfect Correlation

Example of A Zero Correlation

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Correlation coefficient describes the strength of the relationship Correlational study Range is from -1 to +1 Type of relationship is determined by sign Research in Educational Psychology

Example of A Positive Correlation

Example of A Negative Correlation

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Correlation coefficient describes the strength of the relationship Correlational study Range is from -1 to +1 Type of relationship is determined by sign Strength of relationship is determined by absolute value Research in Educational Psychology

.60 >.40 (Regardless of sign)

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Used when we have a fairly good understanding of predictive relationships and we want to demonstrate cause/effect relationships Experimental study Research in Educational Psychology

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Must have at least two groups Experimental study Subjects must be randomly assigned One group must experience a treatment The INDEPENDENT variable is manipulated Change (if any) is observed in the DEPENDENT variable Research in Educational Psychology

There are three different types of studies used in scientific investigations Experimental study Research in Educational Psychology Only Results from Experimental Studies Can Demonstrate Cause and Effect Relationships

There are four levels of scientific investigation: Action -- What is the relationship of A and B or what is the impact of A on B? Example -- What are the best teaching methods that can be used to motivate students to learn? Research in Educational Psychology

There are four levels of scientific investigation: Interaction -- What is the impact of B1, B2, etc.? Example -- Does using cooperative learning in gender-mixed classrooms impact girls the same way it impacts boys? Research in Educational Psychology

There are four levels of scientific investigation: Transaction -- What is the relationship between A and B over time? Example -- If a teacher has successfully used a behavior modification technique, but has since stopped, what does the child do the next time the teacher uses that same technique? Research in Educational Psychology

There are four levels of scientific investigation: Transaction -- What is the relationship between A and B over time? Example -- What are the processes by which a mother’s educational level impacts the parent-child interaction and subsequent characteristics of the child when he or she enters a classroom at a later date? Research in Educational Psychology

There are four levels of scientific investigation: Transformation -- How do qualitative changes in A impact qualitative changes in B; also B1 on A1, etc. Example -- How does parent involvement in a training program designed to impact a child’s classroom behavior impact the siblings of the child and the sibling’s subsequent interactions with the parent and future classroom behavior? Research in Educational Psychology

There are four basic methods used to gather data to be used in scientific studies. Each of the methods can be used in all three types of studies: Paper/pencil -- any information gathered by asking the subject a question Systematic observation -- trained recorder gathers data on prearranged variables Research in Educational Psychology

There are four basic methods used to gather data to be used in scientific studies. Each of the methods can be used in all three types of studies: Research in Educational Psychology Participant observation -- the person collecting the data participates in the process being observed Clinical -- specially-trained practitioners gather data as part of a diagnostic/prescriptive activity

Use of the scientific method results in an increasingly sophisticated knowledge base: FACT names and dates of important activities; population of the United States in the latest census an idea or action that can be verified Research in Educational Psychology

Use of the scientific method results in an increasingly sophisticated knowledge base: CONCEPT rules that allow for categorization of events, places, people, ideas, etc. a DESK is a piece of FURNITURE designed with a flat top for writing; a CHAIR is a piece of FURNITURE designed for sitting; a CHAIR with a flat surface attached to it that is designed for writing is also called a DESK Research in Educational Psychology

Use of the scientific method results in an increasingly sophisticated knowledge base: PRINCIPLE relationship(s) between/among facts and/or concepts the number of children in the family is related to the average scores on nationally standardized achievement tests for those children Research in Educational Psychology

Use of the scientific method results in an increasingly sophisticated knowledge base: HYPOTHESIS educated guess about relationships (principles) for lower-division, undergraduate students study habits is a better predictor of success in a college course than is a measure of intelligence or reading comprehension Research in Educational Psychology

Use of the scientific method results in an increasingly sophisticated knowledge base: THEORY set of facts, concepts, and principles that allow description and EXPLANATION Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, Skinner's theory of operant conditioning Research in Educational Psychology

Use of the scientific method results in an increasingly sophisticated knowledge base: LAW firmly established, thoroughly tested, principle or theory a fixed interval schedule for delivering reinforcement produces a scalloping effect on behavior Research in Educational Psychology

Use of the scientific method does not necessarily invalidate information gathered through other means. However, when data from science seem to contradict data from personal experience, intuition, social or cultural consensus, religious scripture and interpretation, or philosophy and rational thinking, an opportunity for learning has presented itself. Research in Educational Psychology

As stated previously, educational psychology is a SCIENTIFIC approach to the study of the teaching/learning process. You will be expected to support your opinions developed through another source with data collected using the scientific method. Research in Educational Psychology

AN IMPORTANT CAVEAT Only a small amount of the principles and theories developed in educational psychology have support from a body of research developed through the use of experimental studies. Therefore, most of the concepts, principles, and theories discussed in this course must be considered as best-first-guess hypotheses. Research in Educational Psychology