When the Moors Ruled Spain Source 1 S 88 From Damascus, the Muslim faith spread through the Mediterranean The Muslims in Spain called themselves Moors because they came through Morocco Muslims took Spanish slaves as wifes BM

When Moors ruled Spain Source 1 S 87 Moors ruled Spain for 800 years until 1492 They were ousted by Catholic Magistrates, Ferdinand and Isabella Moors left culture that still remains today BM

When Moors Ruled Spain Source 1 Q 96 “Here, across the warm, undulating landscape that nurtures rows of grape vines and olive and citrus trees, Islamic Culture sank deep in its roots” BM

When the Moors Ruled Spain Source 1 Q 100 “Masterpiece of the Moorish architecture, the 14 th century Alhambra palace-fortress in Granada reflects the Moors love for ornate decoration and mathematical symmetry” “Filigreed arabesques and curving arches delight the eye in style or architecture that places more emphasis on decoration than on structural function” BM

The Moors of Spain Source 2 P 1 The Moors were African, Berber, Arab and eventually converted Iberian Muslims who exercised varying degrees of power and political power in Spain between 711 and 1492, contributing to the scientific, cultural and intellectual progress, in Spain, but of also all of Europe. BM

The Moors of Spain Source 2 Q 1 “Countless volumes of books on topics ranging from alchemy to algebra were housed in any of Cordoba’s numerous libraries” “When these texts were translated from Arabic, the language of commerce and learning, to European languages, Spain’s neighbors were exposed to new scientific advances or reintroduced to old knowledge that had been long forgotten” BM

City of Lights Source 3 Q 1 “Cities of Light vividly demonstrates how these very different groups found the means to co-exist and thrive together—and yet how fragile that symbiosis could be” BM

City of Lights Source 3 S 2 By the tenth century, Cordoba could boast of a population of some 500,000, compared to about 38,000 in Paris. According to the chronicles of the day, the city had 700 mosques, some 60,000 palaces, and 70 libraries - one reportedly housing 500,000 manuscripts and employing a staff of researchers, illuminators, and book binders. Cordoba also had some 900 public baths. Europe's first street lights and, five miles outside the city, the caliph residence, Madinat al-Zahra. BM

al Andalus Source 4 S 47 With over 70 libraries this caused many scientists and architects to settle in Cordoba The muwashshah stanzaic poetry was created in Cordoba The philosophy style Ibn Tufayl BM

Alhambra Source 5 S 1 Built on Rocky hillside. Builds up like a castle. This keeps the outside world from the beauty within. In the 13 th,14 th,15 th, the Alhambra was a citadel for military leaders First made for palace for King Alhamar BM

When the Moors ruled Spain Source 1 Q 103 “Artful Arabesques and vivid tile work adorn the Alhambra in Spain” BM

When the Moors ruled Spain Source 1 S 103 Arabesques- the technique of carving plaster walls with intricate, geometric patterns was widely used by Moorish architects and still practiced today. This technique was the one that creates the designs in the Alhambra BM

When the Moors Ruled Spain Source 1 S 109 Music Literature, and Philosophy, mathematics and medicine flourish in Cordoba and Toledo Scholars translated Aristotle, Euclid, and Ptolemy to Latin. Works that where previously lost for years. BM

When the Moors Ruled Spain Source 1 S 110 Fiery Flamenco music inspires whirlwind dancing at the Seville Fair. Music involves ballads from Muslim Minstrels Also sung when Moors honor King Hassan the seconds daughter. BM

Cordoba Cultures Source 6 S 1 Cordoba the capital of Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain) under the Roman Empire, and capital of the Umayyad Caliphate. This splendour can also be seen because of the intellectualism of this city of knowledge, where figures like Seneca, Averroes settled in. BM