Ozone Layer Depletion Resource Depletion Dispersion of Toxic Substances Urban Environmental Problems Waste Water Pollution & Water Resources Marine Environment & Coastal Zones Loss of Biodiversity Climate Change Air Pollution Environmental problems…

Emergence of environmental problems Maslow’s pyramid of needs NEEDSNEEDS NEEDSNEEDS

Environmental Policy Global conferences on the environment: - Stockholm – Rio – kyoto – Johannesburg – Copenaghen Stockholm – Rio – kyoto – Johannesburg – Copenaghen -2012

…’70 years Gradual internationalization of the debate around the issue of relations between environment and development. increase the perception of environmental issues: focus on large point sources of pollution concentrated (industrial plants, power plants, pollution) increase scientific knowledge in environmental

Report "The Limits to Growth" Published for the Club of Rome from MIT (Massachussets Institute of technology) Resource Depletion Pollution Limits to Growth Management of environmental ricksManagement of resources New technologies and energy efficiency Environmental costs

Stockholm Conference (1972) First summit ONU on “HUMAN ENVIRONMENT” Pollution: Marine Environment & Coastal Zones Acid rain World Hunger Third World devolepment Establishment UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)

Rio Conference (1992) Earth Summit, second summit ONU on “environment and development” 183 countries comparison among industrialized countries (which have reached the carrying capacity of its ecosystem) and the countries of the South, underdeveloped or developing (as opposed to assume responsibility for the environment, if not after compensatory measures, such as programs Economic Assistance

Rio Conference (1992) Results: 1.Climate convention: CO2 emission 2. Biodiversity convention: preservation of the genetic heritage of animals and plants 3.Statement of Forest: The Convention has been impeded by the holders of most countries of tropical forests 4.Statement of Rio: 27 integrating environment and development principles 5.Local Agenda 21: global action plan that identifies the characteristics of sustainable development and the means to achieve

Local Agenda 21 Collection of intentions to initiate sustainable development policies through consensus of the entire civil society (population, institutions, businesses, etc..) At national, regional and sub-regional level. Local actors must become active partners in decision making concerning their own territory governance processes (voluntary choices shared "bottom-up) and partnerships (selected subsidiaries and implemented by all players on the territory). Multisectoral action program (4 sections - the socio-economic, conservation and management of resources for development, strengthening the role of social forces, implementation tools - and 40 chapters) is owned by the governments in the twenty- first century.

Eco development “Term coined at the Stockholm Conference and logical antecedent of "sustainable development." Suffix "eco" stands for "ecological" and "economic": A weld between economy and ecology. The transition from "Ecosviluppo" to "sustainable development" has sanctioned the movement from local to global level environmental problems caused by development have an impact not only on the territory in question, but invest the whole planet, requiring a comprehensive approach to resolving them.

JOHANNESBURG Conference (2002) RECOGNIZING THAT THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY, CHANGE OF STYLES OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION AND THE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ARE THE OBJECTIVES AND BASIC CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SOCIAL EQUALITY OTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS for definitions of sustainable development are: Fairness 'SOCIAL within generations within a single community; GENERATIONS respect to future generations. UNCERTAINTY AND IRREVERSIBLE' OFTEN THE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS It appears as extremely complex, giving rise POSITIONS TO MUCH difference between scientists or between countries

SBD: sustainable business development STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING BUSINESS ENTERPRISES, CREATING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS SBD Take a comprehensive perspective of the corporation and its business environment that includes direct relationship with suppliers, distributors, customers partners, employees and shareholders and indirect linkages with stakeholder, competitors relates industries and natural environment (eco-system)

SBD: sustainable business development UN conference an invironment and development (RIO EARTH SUMMIT) Involves articulating integrating achieving social, economic and environmental objectives and initiatives to protect humankind and natural world SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UN International community

Is a holistic management construct that includes the entire value system from the origins of the raw materials to production processes and customer applications to end- of-life solutions (EoL). Corporate today face the daunting challenges of achieving superior performance ad well as meeting the expectations of the social economic and environmental dimensions articled in agenda 21. Sbd & Agenda 21