Computer Hardware Information Technology Week 5 and 6

Essential Question(s) Objectives Discuss how a computer uses binary codes to represent data in electronic form Describe input and output devices Describe each of the major system unit components Distinguish between primary and secondary storage Describe the different types of memory Essential Question(s) Discuss expansion slots and boards How does a computer work? Discuss the four standard ports Why are some computers more powerful than others? Define input and output How do you get information out? How do you recall information?

Class ….. Take out your notes and be prepared to write down all the questions and answers presented in this Power Point Notes are worth 50 points and will be delivered over several days.

What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined? A programmable, usually electronic device, that can store, retrieve and process data Some of the first computers were mechanical, then electro mechanical

SOME OF THE FIRST COMPUTERS

MY FIRST COMPUTERS Referred in kilobytes now in speed

The Components of a Computer What is an input device? Hardware used to enter data and instructions

The Components of a Computer What is an output device? Hardware that conveys information to a user

The Components of a Computer What is the system unit? Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data

What is the magic inside the black box? Storage Units Memory card Video Card Power Supply CPU Is the Mother Board Whole Thing Sound Card

What is it? Power supply

An opening on a system board or mother board. What is…. An opening on a system board or mother board. Expansion slot

What is this? Expansion card

The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions

Central Processing Unit (CPU) What is…. The part of the computer that holds data and program instructions for processing the data. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

What does…. CPU stand for? Central Processing Unit

The communications media for the entire system including the CPU. What is…. The communications media for the entire system including the CPU. motherboard

What is…. Contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information. memory

The Components of a Computer What is storage? Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? Provides much greater storage capacity than a CD Drive Housed inside the system unit Enclosed disk drive containing one or more metallic discs.

The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc CD-ROM CD-RW Capacity: 673~768 MB DVD-ROM DVD+RW Capacity:4.7 ~ 17.1 GB

The Components of a Computer What is miniature storage media? Digital cameras Portable, thin memory cards used in: Handheld computers cell phones

Identify & list from least capacity to most capacity.

A tiny circuit board etched onto silicon. What is…. A tiny circuit board etched onto silicon. chip

Computer Memory RAM ROM Forgets everything when the computer is turned off. Unable to change. RAM or ROM? RAM or ROM? RAM ROM

Provides space for programs in use. What is…. Provides space for programs in use. RAM

Provides instructions for starting the computer. What is…. Provides instructions for starting the computer. ROM

How often a displayed image is updated or redrawn on the monitor. What is…. How often a displayed image is updated or redrawn on the monitor. Refresh rate

Data sent to the computer. What is…. Data sent to the computer. input

Input OR Output? Keyboard Monitor Printer Camera Scanner Tablet Speaker Touch Pad IN OUT

Accessing information from storage. What is…. Accessing information from storage. reading

A measurement in pixels or a monitor’s clarity. What is…. A measurement in pixels or a monitor’s clarity. resolution

The amount of data that can be stored. What is…. The amount of data that can be stored. capacity

Holds data and program instructions for processing data. What is…. Holds data and program instructions for processing data. Primary storage

Storage that loses data when the computer turns off. What is…. Storage that loses data when the computer turns off. volatile

What is…. Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data and can be retained after the computer is turned off. Secondary storage

Which one has the most uses? USB

The chip that contains the CPU. (The brains of the system) What is…. The chip that contains the CPU. (The brains of the system) microprocessor

What is…. The measure of a computer’s processing power. (How fast it can execute code) Clock speed

Where frequently accessed information is held. What is…. Where frequently accessed information is held. cache

What is…. The numbering system in which all numbers consist of only two numbers: 1 and 0 Binary system

What is…. A single binary digit. bit

A group of EIGHT binary digits. What is…. A group of EIGHT binary digits. byte

What is…. Any size group of binary digits. Most common starts at 8 bits 16, 32, 64 word

How many bytes can it process? A 64 bit word computer 8 bytes

What is shown here? Bus lines How Binary Travels

Binary TO Decimal 10011001 01110000 00010001 00001110 01010001 153 112 17 14 81 ? BINARY DECIMAL ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

How many bytes? KB? MB? GB? TB? Approx 1,000 Approx 1 million (1,024 or 2^10) Approx 1 million (1,048,576 or 2^20) Approx 1 billion (1,073,741,824 or 2^30) Approx 1 trillion (1,099,511,627,776 or 2^40)

Decimal TO Binary 128 12 2 234 178 10000000 00001100 00000010 11101010 10110010 DECIMAL BINARY

Char Binary A 01000001 B 01000010 C 01000011 D 01000100 E 01000101 F 01000110 G 01000111 H 01001000 I 01001001 J 01001010 K 01001011 L 01001100 M 01001101 N 01001110 O 01001111 P 01010000 Q 01010001 R 01010010 S 01010011 T 01010100 U 01010101 V 01010110 W 01010111 X 01011000 Y 01011001 Z 01011010 Char Binary a 01100001 b 01100010 c 01100011 d 01100100 e 01100101 f 01100110 g 01100111 h 01101000 I 01101001 j 01101010 k 01101011 l 01101100 m 01101101 n 01101110 o 01101111 p 01110000 q 01110001 r 01110010 s 01110011 t 01110100 u 01110101 v 01110110 w 01110111 x 01111000 y 01111001 z 01111010 Using the ASCII to Binary table to decode the following: 01000001 01100011 01100101 01001001 01010100 Ace IT