Chapter 6-part 1 Passive Solar Incident Solar Radiation-Effects of Latitude and Season Solar Heating through Time Uses of Passive Solar Heating Today Passive Solar Houses Solar Hot Water Heaters

Energy in the News

US Renewable Energy Use Share in 1999: How is this mix Different from that In Developing Countries? Brazil? India? Other?

Expected Growth in Renewables: Bush Admin. 2001 Report Is this right, especially given the relative costs of different sources?

Renewables: Second Best Growth Can nuclear continue to outstrip Renewables, why or why not? What is the growth rate of wind power In Europe?

Solar Radiation vs Infrared Radiation Why do the sun And the earth emit Different types of radiation? Why does the mix of radiation change from the top to the bottom of the atmosphere? What is insolation? What are absorption bands? What is albedo? What is the greenhouse effect?

Seasonal and Latitudinal Insolation Variations Why does solar insolation at High latitudes decrease during Winter months? What happens between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn?

Angle of Incidence of Solar Insolation Why does the optimum Angle from horizontal for A solar panel vary with the Season (at high latitudes)? What happens near The equator?

Seasonal Sunrise and Sun Angle at 40°N Why is this variation In angle important For passive solar design? What happens at the Equator? At South Pole station?

Insolation on a Solar Collector: 40°N What season does The flat collector Get the most insolation? What season does the Vertical collector What would this graph Look like near the equator?

Types of Solar Insolation Physics of cloud Cover: still not Well known Big problem in Climate models How does total Insolation depend on the Solar constant? (Precambrian Equatorial Glaciations)

Types of Solar Insolation Direct Reflected Diffuse Where do you get the most reflected insolation, on land Or on the water? Why? What type of weather gives you more diffuse insolation, Cloudy or clear? Why? How much of the incident solar radiation reaches the Earths surface?

US Mean Annual Solar Insolation Where is insolation greatest? Where is insolation Least? What is the ratio of The greatest to Least insolation In the US? Is this surprising?

Solar Printing Press Invented by August Mouchat: 1878 A: Solar Collector B: Steam Engine C: Water Tank Printing Press turned By steam engine

Parabolic Solar Collector How does using water as the working fluid limit the collectors efficiency? If outside air is at 293K, what is the Theoretical efficiency?

Solar Pot Mouchots solar pot Could boil 3 liters of Water in 1.5 hours. Based on your problem Set, about how long would it Take to just bring the water To 100°C?

Adams solar cooking pot Where in The developing World would these Pots be easiest For people to accept? Least easy to accept? (Think cuisine Not income levels)

Telkes Oven Why can this solar oven Reach higher temperatures Than the previous oven? What features of passive solar Design does it incorporate That make it more efficient?

Solar Water Distiller Research vessels get water from evaporators. Why is it so hard to distill water in the Red Sea? Why does the ship need to be moving To distill water? (Dredging leg in the Red Sea.)

General Features of Solar Heating What uses a fan: Active or passive Solar heating Systems?

Flat Plate Solar Collector How is this Solar collector like a greenhouse? Why should it Absorb more heat Than a typical Greenhouse (three reasons)

Types of Solar Flat Plate Collectors Which types are most Likely to be passive? Why?

Active solar hot water system Why is active solar more common at high latitudes?

Types of Solar Collectors

Thermosiphon Hot Water Heater Passive Solar System Water Collection Tank Must be above the solar Collector. Why? Very popular in the Middle East. Why are these systems Impractical at higher Latitudes?

Bread Box or Batch Water Heater Hot water is removed Whenever tap is turned on. Payback time: 5 to 10 years. Very inexpensive for Preheating water. Solar shower used in Gulf War: very similar.

Increasing Systems Energy Efficiency of Hot Water Systems Reduce water temperature to 120°F (depends on dishwasher) Insulate heater to R-19 Use low flow showerhead and aerators (payback time 1 year) Reduce use by 50% Install a graywater system (illegal in some areas) Special detergents needed Install a timer on water heater so is only on when being used. Install a tankless water heater system (some use open flame But so do gas driers).