Breast Cancer Liz Ignatious, Maddie Ticer, Molly Houlahan

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breas Mostly found in women but not can rarely be found in men Most of the time it is carcinoma, which means that the cancer began in the inner lining of the breast What is breast cancer?

Breast calls begin to grow abnormally Cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells and the accumulating extra cells form a tumor Only 5-10% of cases are linked to gene mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two genes that, if found, can increase the chance of having breast or ovarian cancer Causes

Other risk factors include: race age when you begin menstrual cycle breasts being exposed to radiation early in life Causes

thickening breast tissue (forming lumps) breast turning red and hot swelling lymph nodes all over the body spreading to other parts of the body (known as metalistic) Effects

If cancer is spread to the bones, it can cause severe pain and easy breaking. If cancer spreads to the brain, it can cause changes in personality, confusion, loss of balance and muscle weakness. Effects

Stages I-IV (Stage 0 is when no signs of cancer are detected) STAGES

Invasive breast cancer Stage IA- Tumor found and can measure up to 2 centimeters and has not yet spread anywhere Stage IB- Small groups of cancer cells detected Stage I

Stage IIA- Tumor found between 2 and 5 centimeters and has spread to lymph nodes Stage IIB- larger than 5 cm Stage II

Stage IIIA- Cancer is any size and has spread to lymph nodes Stage IIIB- Cancer has spread to the chest and skin of the breast. (Known as inflammatory) Stage IIIC- Cancer has spread to the chest and below the collarbone Stage III

The cancer has now spread beyond the breast and has no definite location. Cancerous lymph nodes are found on vital organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, skins and bones. This stage is known as "advanced" or "metastatic" Stage IV

Some signs of Breast Cancer that are checked for during a breast exam include... Enlarged lumps Nodules- A small swelling or aggregation of cells in the body Swelling Thickening Breast Exam Ways it is detected

An examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease. Some types of biopsies include... Fine Needle Aspiration- The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscope. (uses a smaller needle) Core Needle- (uses a larger needle) Surgical- All or part of a lump is removed and checked for cancer. Biopsy

A technique using X-rays to diagnose and locate breast tumors. Diagnostic sonography (ultrasonography) is an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize subcutaneous body structures. Mammography Ultrasound

1. Surgery: Mastectomies & Lumpectomies (Literally removing (Only the lump is a breast) removed from the breast) 2. Radiation Therapy- Systematic therapy sues radioactive substances, such as radioactive iodine, that travel in the blood to kill cancer cells. 3. Chemotherapy- The treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs Treatments

4. Hormone Therapy- There are certain hormones that can attach to breast cancer cells and affect their ability to multiply. 5. Biological Therapy- Biological therapy for breast cancer takes advantage of the body's own immune or hormonal system to act on cancer cells - while leaving healthy cells relatively intact.

Breast cancers are cured on a daily basis - mostly through surgery. But sometimes additional radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is given. Is there a cure?

No way to prevent it Lowering risks: o avoid alcohol intake o regular, intentional physical activity Higher risk for women with breast cancer of women with breast cancer in their families Prevention

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Male Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer

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