Chapter 3.3 How Introduced Species Affect Ecosystems Lamprey in great lakes, costs millions in fisheries Bullfrog Himalayan blackberry Scotch Broom Starlings

Road map for today Go over and mark WB pages 46-49 Warm up game Native vs. non-native species Invasive species and their impacts (4) Workbook pages 52-55

What’s happening here?

Warm-up game: Name That (Invasive) Species Himalayan blackberries

Warm-up game: Name That (Invasive) Species Scotch Broom

Warm-up game: Name That (Invasive) Species Giant hogweed

“A public health hazard, hogweed's clear, watery sap has toxins that cause photo-dermatitis. Skin contact followed by exposure to sunlight produces painful, burning blisters that may develop into purplish or blackened scars.” -Noxious weeds, King County, Washington http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsAndPlants/noxious-weeds/weed-identification/giant-hogweed.aspx

Warm-up game: Name That (Invasive) Species Norway Rat

Warm-up game: Name That (Invasive) Species Indian and South Pacific Oceans = native habitat Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFchSGI0jB4

Native species vs. non-native species Native species are plants and animals that naturally inhabit an area Introduced species new species of plants and animals introduced accidentally or on purpose A.K.A. foreign species, non-native species, exotic species, or alien species Many of these species are harmless, or sometimes even beneficial Occurred due to immigration over past 400 years

Invasive species Organisms that can take over the habitat of native species or invade their bodies, thus weakening immune system.

Invasive Species Often have high reproductive rates, are aggressive competitors, and lack natural predators in new habitats Have potential to dramatically change ecosystems through Competition Predation Disease and parasitism Habitat alteration

Impacts of invasive species Competition: invasive species compete against native species for essential resources such as food and habitat Predation: invasive species can have more impact on a prey population than native predators, as prey may not have adaptations to escape or fight them off American Bullfrog

Impacts of invasive species Disease and Parasitism: can weaken the immune response of an ecosystem’s native plants and animals, influencing humans Allows opportunity for less dominant species to outcompete other species European Starling outcompetes western bluebirds for nesting habitat Norway Rat Eats ground-nesting sea birds’ eggs

Impact of Invasive Species Habitat alteration: make a natural habitat unsuitable for native species by changing its structure or composition E.g., scotch broom acidifies soil Change light level Decrease dissolved O2 Change soil chemistry Increase soil erosion

West Nile Virus Introduced to U.S. in 1999, started causing deaths in birds and illness in humans in NY Carried by mosquito How is this related to invasive species? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVk5rfIA4kU

Pick two Silent Invaders http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JQ6oHjpeqU Spit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqoT8tcZq6k Death Scent http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LkRChkUIRM Silent Invaders (2:58) Spit (1:52) Death scent (1:39)

Habitat alteration Eurasian Milfoil first ID’d in Okanagan Lake in 1970. Forms wide, dense mats at lake surfaces Cuts off sunlight Interferes with boaters/swimmers Can grow from fragments  spreads!!!

Saving an Ecosystem Under Siege Often requires human intervention to save established ecosystems Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team (GOERT) is trying to save several areas because Garry Oak trees: Are a Keystone Species May be better suited for future than Douglas fir forests Scotch broom, and English ivy are biggest threats

Garry Oak Forests 95% of the original ecosystem has been lost to urban development The remaining 5% is threatened by invasive species.

Cleaning up the fragments of the chapter Native species Non-native species Invasive species Impacts of invasive species (4) Workbook pages 52- 55 Next class…Ch3 review! Coming up… Ch 3 Celebration of Learning! 